Term
| What % of non-routine presentations to SA practitioners involve dermatological conditions? |
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Definition
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Term
| Is Cheyletiella zoonotic? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Macule |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Patch |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Papule |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Plaque |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Pustule |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Vesicle |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Bulla |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Wheal |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Nodule |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Tumor |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Cyst |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Alopecia |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Scale |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Crust |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Follicular cast |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Comedo |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Hyperpigmentation |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Hypopigmentation |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Epidermal collarette |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Erosion |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Ulcer |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Scar |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Fissure |
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Definition
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Term
| Primary, secondary, or both? Lichenification |
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Definition
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Term
| What are other names for Canine Atopic Dermatitis? |
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Definition
| Canine atopy, Canine atopic dz, CAD |
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Term
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Definition
| A genetically predisposed inflammatory & pruritic skin dz w/ characteristic clinical features associated w/ IgE Abs most commonly to environmental allergens |
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Term
| What are the most common allergens involved in CAD? Give examples. |
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Definition
| House dust mites; Dermatophagoides farinae, D. pteronyssinus, Bloomia tropicalis |
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Term
| What are some less common allergens involved in CAD? |
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Definition
| Food storage mites, Pollens of grasses/weeds/trees, Human & Feline dander, Mold allergens |
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Term
| There is significant cross-reactivity btw house dust mites & _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 food storage mites involved in CAD? |
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Definition
| Acaris siro & Tyrophagus putrescentiae |
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Term
| What is the main route of access of allergens in CAD? |
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Definition
| Through the skin, aided by Langerhans cells w/i the epidermis armed w/ IgE Ab |
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Term
| What are less common routes of access of allergens in CAD? |
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Definition
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Term
| In CAD, IgE attaches to _____ & _____ via high affinity _____. |
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Definition
| Mast cells & blood basophils; Fc receptors |
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Term
| What preformed mediators are released upon access of allergens in CAD? |
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Definition
| Histamine, Heparin. Serotonin, Proteinases |
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Term
| What newly generated mediators are released upon access of allergens in CAD? |
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Definition
| Plt activating facor; PGs; Thromboxanes; Leukotrienes |
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Term
| What breeds appear to be protected against CAD, w/ lower than expected incidence? |
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Definition
| Poodles & mixed breed dogs |
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Term
| When does the age of onset of CAD peak? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| _____% of CAD commences prior to 1yo |
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Definition
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|
Term
| CAD almost never commences below _____ (age) and rarely before _____ or after _____. |
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Definition
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Term
| CAD is primarily a _____ dz, although _____ signs may be noted. |
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Definition
| Dermatological; Hay-fever |
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Term
| _____ is the cardinal sign of CAD, and can be seen in _____% of cases. |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the predominant distribution of CAD? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of lesions are seen in most cases of CAD? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What is the main site of otitis externa in CAD cases? |
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Definition
| Inner surface of ear flap & vertical canal |
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Term
| _____ cells of atopic dogs adhere more readily to Staph. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What occurs in CAD with bacterial overgrowth w/o epidermal invasion? |
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Definition
| Exotoxin superAg release +/- Anti-Staph IgE |
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|
Term
| What bacteria is commonly involved in the secondary complications of CAD? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What yeast is commonly involved in the secondary complications of CAD? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some chronic skin changes associated w/ CAD? |
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Definition
| Seborrhea, Hair loss, generalized erythema, hyperpigmentation, lichenification |
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|
Term
| What are some important rule outs for CAD? |
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Definition
| Parasitic dz, Food allergy, Contact allergy |
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Term
| Contact allergy is always a _____ and restricted to the _____. |
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Definition
| Macular/papular eruption; Hairless areas |
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Term
| _____% of cases seem to have classical AD but no evidence of allergen-specific IgE. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 2 possible ways to demonstrate allergen-specific IgE? (Which is preferred?)* |
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Definition
| Intradermal skin test; Serological tests* |
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Term
| What are disadvantages of IDT? |
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Definition
| Pt is off antihistamines for 10d & off corticosteroids for at least a week for every month of Tx |
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|
Term
| _____ does not inhibit IDT. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best type of serological test for Dx of CAD? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| T/F: Presence of (+) skin test or (+) serological test justifies Dx of CAD. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is usually the time course for Tx of CAD? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| What % of CAD cases cure spontaneously or are cured w/ immunotherapy? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is generally the cornerstone of the therapeutic approach to CAD? |
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Definition
| Hyposensitization (Immunotherapy) |
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|
Term
| In what cases of CAD is immunotherapy not indicated? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| With hyposensitization, most dermatologists limit the mixture to _____ allergens. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of preparations are available for hyposensitization? |
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Definition
| Aqueous extracts & Alum precipitates |
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|
Term
| What are 2 possible SE of hyposensitization? (Which is more common?)* |
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Definition
| Anaphylaxis & Exacerbation of pruritis* |
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|
Term
| What is the incidence of anaphylaxis w/ hyposensitization? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| If anaphylaxis results from hyposensitization, what is the Tx? |
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Definition
| Epinephrine & IV corticosteroids; abandon immunotherapy |
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|
Term
| What should be done if hyposensitization results in exacerbation of pruritis? |
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Definition
| Give corticosteroids; Lower dose of Ag |
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|
Term
| With what response to hyposensitization should a CAD patient be reassessed? |
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Definition
| Little/no improvement after 9 months |
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|
Term
| What are some possible ways to evict house dust mites? |
|
Definition
| Parasiticides & insect growth regulators (Virbac Knockout/Indorex) |
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|
Term
| In the case of medical Tx of CAD, what type of parenteral corticosteroids should be avoided? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What parenteral corticosteroids can be used in the Tx of CAD? |
|
Definition
| Prednisolone, Methylprednisolone |
|
|
Term
| What topical corticosteroids can be used in the Tx of CAD? |
|
Definition
| Triamcinolone (Genesis), Hydrocortisone aceponate (Cortevance), Hydrocortisone shampoo |
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|
Term
| How is topical hydrocortisone aceponate metabolized? |
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Definition
| In the skin (not systemically absorbed) |
|
|
Term
| In what % of CAD cases are antihistamines effective? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Give examples of antihistamines used to treat CAD. |
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Definition
| Hydroxyzine HCl, Diphenhydramine HCl, Chlorpheniramine HCl, Clemestine, Astemizole, Doxepin HCl, Trimeprazine |
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|
Term
| What essential fatty acids can be given PO as part of the CAD Tx? |
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Definition
| Linoleic acid; Linolenic acid; Gamma-linolenic acid; Eicosapentanoic acid |
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|
Term
| _____ days of FA therapy are required before one can accurately assess the response. |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What PGE analog has shown >50% improvement in ~50% of CAD cases? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In Tx of CAD, how does Cyclosporin compare to corticosteroids wrt efficacy & onset of action? |
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Definition
| As effective; Slower onset |
|
|
Term
| What type of SE are common w/ cyclosporin? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In CAD, what can be used to assist barrier function? |
|
Definition
| Ceramide-containing shampoos; Phytosphingosine; +/- oral EFAs |
|
|
Term
| What shampoos have anti-seborrheic effects? |
|
Definition
| coal tar, sulphur, salicylic acid |
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|
Term
| What shampoos have antipruritic effects? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What shampoos remove allergen from the skin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What shampoos have anti-inflammatory effects? |
|
Definition
| Corticosteroid or antihistamine |
|
|
Term
| What shampoos have antibacterial effects? |
|
Definition
| benzoyl peroxide, CHX, monosaccharides (anti-adherance) |
|
|
Term
| What type of shampoos have anti-yeast effects? |
|
Definition
| CHX (>2%), Miconazole, Ketoconazole |
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