Term
| Dermatologic conditions can be what 3 things? |
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Definition
(1) Localized, self treatable problems
(2) Underlying, systemic problems
(3) Adverse drug reactions |
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Term
| Name some instances when you should refer a patient? |
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Definition
-Fever
-Infection
-Treated already but did not get better
-Too severe
-Can't identify
-Reoccurring problem
-Abnormally long duration
-Immuno-compromised patients |
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Term
| Name 6 things our skin protects us from. |
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Definition
| Trauma, temperature changes, penetration, moisture and humidity, microorganisms, radiation. |
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Term
| What tools do you need to inspect the skin? What type of area should this be in? |
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Definition
Centimeter ruler, gloves, magnifying glass.
Well-lit, private room. |
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Term
| What 5 things should you visually examine on the skin? |
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Definition
Color and uniform appearance
Distrubution / symmetry
Thickness
Hygeine
Presence of lesions |
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Term
| What 5 characteristics are used when describing skin lesions? |
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Definition
Color
Size
Elevation/Depression
Shape
Texture |
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Term
| If there is a presence of exudate, what 4 things do you exame? |
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Definition
| Color, odor, amount, consistency. |
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Term
| What are 5 adjectives used to describe the configuration of skin lesions? |
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Definition
| Annular, grouped, linear, arciform, diffuse |
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Term
| What 3 things do you look for when describing the location/distribution of skin lesions? |
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Definition
Generalized/localized.
Body region.
Pattern. |
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Term
| What are primary lesions? |
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Definition
| Physical alterations of the skin caused by pathological process. |
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Term
| Name 2 types of non-raised, primary lesions. |
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Definition
Macule and Patch.
Macule - freckle (<0.5cm)
Patch - vitiligo (>0.5cm) |
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Term
| Name 4 examples of raised primary lesions. |
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Definition
Papule - wart (<0.5cm)
Nodule - lipoma (>0.5cm)
Plaque - psoriasis (<0.5cm)
Wheal - allergic reaction (>0.5cm)
-papule or plaque rising from edema caused by pruritis |
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Term
| Name 4 examples of fluid-filled primary lesions. |
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Definition
Vesicle - blister filled with clear fluid(<0.5cm)
-herpes simplex
Bulla - blister (>0.5cm)
-2nd degree burns
Pustule - comedone (<0.5cm)
-filled with purulent liquid
Cyst - sebaceous cyst (>0.5cm)
-filled with semi-solid or liquid |
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Term
| What are secondary lesions? |
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Definition
| Result of change in primary lesions due to external factors. (scratching, itching, etc) |
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Term
| Name 4 examples of secondary lesions that are a loss of skin. |
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Definition
| Ulcer, erosion, fissure, excoriation. |
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Term
| Name 4 examples of secondary lesions that are a build-up of skin. |
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Definition
| Scar, crust, scale, lichenification |
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Term
Name examples of the following secondary lesions:
Crust
Scale
Lichenification
Fissure
Ulcer
Erosion |
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Definition
Crust - dandruff
Scale - scab
Lichenification - chronic atopic dermatitis
Fissure - athlete's foot
Ulcer - pressure sore
Erosion - ruptured vesicle |
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Term
| What are the 2 marginal options to describe lesion configuration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 8 configurations lesions can have? |
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Definition
Circinate
Linear
Zosterform
Arciform
Annular
Iris
Serpiginous (like a serpent)
Gyrate |
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Term
| Name the 8 different types of lesion distribution. |
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Definition
Localized
Generalized
Symmetric
Asymmetric
Discrete
Grouped
Coalescing
Cleavage Plane |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| What are four questions to ask regarding alopecia? |
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Definition
1) Hereditary?
2) Gradual or sudden onset?
3) Does it occur anywhere else?
4) Recent stress, illness, trauma, or new drugs? |
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Term
| Name the 3 common hair disorders and define them. |
|
Definition
Androgenic alopecia (male-patterned baldness)
Alopecia areata (localized areas of hair loss)
Infective alopecia (caused by tinea capitis) |
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Term
Define the following:
Nail plate
Nail bed
Nail matrix
Cuticle
Lanula |
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Definition
Nail plate: keratin
Nail bed: vascularized
Nail matrix: site of growth
Cuticle: Layer of skin covering nail root
Lanula: Marks end of nail matrix |
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Term
| What should the nail base angle be? |
|
Definition
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Term
| What two things should you do when inspecting the nails? |
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Definition
| Visually inspect (color of nail beds, nail plate, and nail base angle) and Palpate the nail (should feel hard and smooth with uniform thickness, squeeze nail to test for adherence to nail bed) |
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Term
| Name and define the 3 common nail disorders. |
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Definition
Clubbing - results from low blood oxygen levels
Koilonchyia (spooning) - soft, scooped out nails; associated iron deficiency anemia
Onychomycosis - fungal infections, nail thickens and becomes discolored |
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