Term
|
Definition
| the image we do not see, it appears invisible until chemical processing |
|
|
Term
| the first step in manual processing is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is rinsing the film important in manual film processing>? |
|
Definition
| removes developer solution and stops development process. |
|
|
Term
| when is the film emulsion hardened? |
|
Definition
| during the fixing process |
|
|
Term
| the hydroquinone in the developer brings out the _____ tones, whereas the elon in the developer brings out the ________ tones on a dental radiograph? |
|
Definition
hydroquinone brings out black tones,
while elon brings out grey tones |
|
|
Term
| in manual film processing the optimum temp for developer solution is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 4 components of developer solution? |
|
Definition
-developing agent (AKA reducing agent) contains 2 chemicals "hydroquinone and elon" it reduces exposed silver halide crystals chemically to black metallic silver and each of the chemicals produce a different tone.
-preservative:sodium sulfite it prevents rapid oxidation of developing agents.
-accelerator: sodium carbonate activates developing agents
-restrainer: potassium bromide prevents developer from developing unexposed silver halide crystals. |
|
|
Term
| the size of the darkroom is determined by what factors? |
|
Definition
-volume of radiographs processed
-number of people using room
-type of processing equipment used (tanks vs. automatic processors)
-space required for duplication of film and storage |
|
|
Term
| if there is a leak of white lite in room it will cause what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the safelight must be placed a minimum of what distance from the film and work area> |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the GBX-2 safelight filter by kodac is recommended for? |
|
Definition
| extra and intra oral films |
|
|
Term
| unopened boxes of film should not be stored in dark room because why? |
|
Definition
| chemical fumes from processing solutions may fog film |
|
|
Term
| the thermometer of manual processing should be placed in what solution? |
|
Definition
developer solution
(optimum temp is 68 degrees) |
|
|
Term
| at 68 degrees what is optimal time for manual film processing? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a replenisher is added to the processing solution to do what? |
|
Definition
-compensate for loss of solution strength
-ensure uniform results between solution change
-compensate for oxidation
-compensate for loss of volume |
|
|
Term
| how often does processing tank get cleaned? |
|
Definition
| every time solutions are changed |
|
|
Term
| what chemicals are used to clean processing tank? |
|
Definition
hydrochloric acid and water solution
or a commercial tank cleaner |
|
|
Term
| a breakdown of chemicals in processing solution that results from exposure to air is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the superconcentrated solution that is added to the processing solution to compensate for the effects of oxidation is termed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| encases components parts of automatic processor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opening where you insert films |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| moves film through processor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| where processed films emerge |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses heat to dry wet films |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| holds developing solution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| solutions used to maintain proper concentration and levels of developer and fixer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| delivers developer and fixer solutions to compartments |
|
|
Term
| what are 2 equipment requirements for film duplication? |
|
Definition
film duplicator
and duplicating film |
|
|
Term
| how does exposure time effect the density of duplicating film |
|
Definition
| exposure time depends on type of duplicator and density of radiograph being duplicated. |
|
|
Term
| what is indicative of scratched film? |
|
Definition
| white lines cause by soft emulsion removed from film by a sharp object. |
|
|
Term
| how can you tell if there is static electricity on film> |
|
Definition
thin, black branching lines
due to opening of film to quickly |
|
|
Term
| if there is a black fingerprint on film? |
|
Definition
| fingerprint artifact from finger touching film when fingers are contaminated with flouride or developer |
|
|
Term
| if there is a black cresent shaped mark on film |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do air bubbles show on film? |
|
Definition
white spots
when air is trapped on film surface after being placed in
processing solutions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
white or dark areas appear where there is overlap
due to 2 films coming in contact in processor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
straight black border
due to low level of fixer solution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
straight white border
-low level of developer solution |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
exausted developer or fixer
insufficient fixation time
MOST COMMON INSUFICIENT RINSING |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| APPEAR WHITE OR LIGHT WHEN FIXER COMES IN CONTACT WITH FILM BEFORE PROCESSING |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| APPEAR DARK OR BLACK WHEN DEVELOPER COMES IN CONTACT WITH FILM PRIOR TO PROCESSING. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
LIGHT
DUE TO
-TEMP TOO COOL
-INADEQUATE DEVELOP TIME
-DEPLETED OR CONTAMINATED DEVELOPER SOLUTION |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
DARK
DUE TO
-TOO LONG IN DEVELOPER SOLUTION
-TOO HOT
-CONCENTRATED DEVELOPER
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
APPEARS CRACKED
SUDDEN TEMP CHANGE BETWEEN DEVELOPER AND WATER. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| EXPOSED AREA APPEARS BLACK |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
APPEARS GRAY LACK OF CONTRAST
DUE TO
-IMPROPER SAFELIGHT
-LIGHT LEAK
-OUTDATED FILMS
-IMPROPER FILM STORAGE
-CONTAMINATED SOLUTIONS
-DEVELOPER TOO HOT |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS INVOLVED IN PROCESS OF DEVELOPMENT |
|
Definition
-DEVELOPER
-FIXER
-RINSE
-DRY |
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE THE 4 BASIC INGREDIENTS OF DEVELOPER SOLUTION? |
|
Definition
-DEVELOPING AGENT
-PRESERVATIVE
-ACCELERATOR
-RESTRAINER |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS IN FILM EMULSION THAT ABSORBS X-RADIATION AND STORE RADIATION DURING X-RAY EXPOSURE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT DOES THE STORED ENERGY FROM RADIATION CREATE? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
WHEN HALIDE PORTION OF EXPOSED ENERGIZED SILVER HALIDE CRYSTAL IS REMOVED.
IT RESULTS IN PRECIPITATED BLACK METALLIC SILVER |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS USED TO GET RID OF UNEXPOSED OR UNENERGIZED CRYSTALS AND MAKES RADIOPAQUE IMAGES? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| DOES THE FIXER GET RID OF BLACK METALLIC SILVER |
|
Definition
| NO IT DOES NOT HAVE ANY AFFECT ON THE ENERGIZED CRYSTALS. |
|
|
Term
| IN THE DEVELOPER SOLUTION THE DEVELOPING AGENT IS MADE UP OF WHAT? |
|
Definition
HYDROQUIONE (MAKES BLACK TONES)
AND ELON (SHADES OF GRAY) |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE CHEMICAL ASSOCIATED WITH THE PRESERVATIVE WHEN TALKING ABOUT THE DEVELOPER SOLUTION? |
|
Definition
SODIUM SULFITE
USED TO PREVENT DEVELOPER OXIDATION AND EXTENDS LIFE OF DEVELOPER. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS ANOTHER NAME FOR REDUCING AGENT? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE CHEMICAL KNOWN FOR THE ACCELORATER/ACTIVATOR? |
|
Definition
SODIUM CARBONATE
-PROVIDES ALKALINE ENVIRONMENT FOR HYDROQUIONE AND ELON
-SOFTENS THE GELATIN OF EMULSION SO THE DEVELOPING AGENTS CAN REACH HALIDE CRYSTALS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE CHEMICAL FOR RESTRAINER IN DEVELOPER SOLUTION? |
|
Definition
POTASSIUM BROMIDE
USED TO CONTROL DEVELOPER TO PREVENT IT FROM DEVELOPING BOTH UNEXPOSED AND EXPOSED CRYSTALS.
PREVENTS FOG FOR SHARPER IMAGE |
|
|
Term
| THE FIXER SOLUTION CONTAINS WHAT 4 INGREDIENTS? |
|
Definition
-FIXING AGENT-SODIUM THIOSULFATE
-PRESERVATIVE-SODIUM SULFITE
-HARDENING AGENT-POTASSIUM ALUM
-ACIDIFIER-ACETIC OR SULFURIC ACID |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHAT ARE 2 POSSIBLE CHEMICAL FOR THE FIXING AGENT IN THE FIXER SOLUTION? |
|
Definition
-SODIUM THIOSULFATE
-AMMONIUM THIOSULFATE |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE FIXING AGENT? |
|
Definition
| TO REMOVE ALL UNEXPOSED, UNENERGIZED SILVER HALIDE CRYSTALS FROM EMULSION. |
|
|
Term
| WHAT IS THE PRESERVATIVE AND FUNCTION IN FIXER SOLUTION? |
|
Definition
SODIUM SULFITE (SAME AS DEVELOPER)
PREVENTS CHEMICAL DETERIORATION OF FIXING AGENT. |
|
|
Term
| POTASSIUM ALUM IS USED FOR WHAT PART OF FIXER SOLUTION? |
|
Definition
| HARDENING AGENT TO SHRINK GELATIN IN FILM. |
|
|
Term
| WHY USE ACETIC ACID OR SULFURIC ACID IN THE ACIDIFIER PROCESS OF FIXER SOLUTION? |
|
Definition
TO NEUTRALIZE THE ALKALINE DEVELOPER AND STOP OVERALL DEVELOPMENT OF FILM.
PREVENTS UNEXPOSED CRYSTALS TO CONTINUE TO DEVELOP IN FIXER. |
|
|
Term
| HOW OFTEN ARE PROCESSING SOLUTIONS CHANGED |
|
Definition
|
|
