Term
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Definition
| A small, dry indehiscent fruit with a single seed. Some achenes have a plumed or feathery tails; some do not. |
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Term
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Definition
| Needle-shaped. Long, narrow, and tapering to a distinct, sharp point. |
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Term
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Definition
| A nut capped by a scaly or bristly base (an Involucre) |
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Term
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Definition
| Tapering to a long sharp point with concave sides. Often used to describe the apex of a leaf. |
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Term
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Definition
| Tapering to a point apex with more or less straight sides. |
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Term
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Definition
| The fusion or joining of unlike parts. |
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Term
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Definition
| commonly applied to a cluster of small fleshy fruits that originate from separate pistils in a single flower. (ex. raspberries or blackberries) |
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Term
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Definition
| Bome singly at a node. If leaves are alternate only one leaf arises from each point on the stem. |
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Term
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Definition
| A long, thin inflorescence composed of sessile, unisexual flowers (male or female, but not both). |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of plants that produce flowers and seeds bome inside ovaries (fruits). |
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Term
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Definition
| The tip. The point of a leaf farthest from its point of attachment to the twig. |
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Term
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Definition
| The portion of a cone scale that is exposed (visible) when the cone is closed. |
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Term
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Definition
| Curved into an arch. Leaf veins are said to be arcuate when they start at the midrib but end up paralleling the margin. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fleshy appendage that grows from the base of a seed to cover some or all of the seed. (ex. the fruit of yews are aril) |
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Term
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Definition
| Bearing thorns, spines, barbs, or prickles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Short and narrowly triangular. Rapidly tapering to a sharp tip. Like a sewing awl. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bottom; near the point of attachment. The base of the leaf blade occurs where it is attached to its petiole. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fleshy fruit developing from a single pistil with many seeds imbedded inside. (Example; tomatoes and blueberries.) |
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Term
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Definition
| The broad part of a leaf or petal. |
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Term
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Definition
| A whitish waxy or powdery covering on leaves, fruits, or stems. |
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Term
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Definition
| A modified leaf that occurs at the base of a flower on inflorescence. May be small and inconspicuous or large and brightly colors. In cones, bracts separate the seeds from the cone scales. |
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Term
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Definition
| A general catagory of plants based roughly on the width of the leaf blade. Generally used to refer to all trees and shrubs that are angiosperms - generally contrasted with conifers. |
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Term
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Definition
| An undeveloped shoot or flower. |
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Term
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Definition
| Modified leaves that help protect the bud. |
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Term
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Definition
| The mark left on a twig when a bud is removed. |
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Term
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Definition
| The marks left on a twig by the vascular bundles (xylem and phloem) when a leaf falls. |
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Term
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Definition
| A collective term for all the sepals of a flower. |
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Term
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Definition
| A dry, dehiscent fruit composed of more than one fused carpels. |
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Term
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Definition
| A long, thin inflorescence compound of sessile, unisexual flowers (male or female, but not both). |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of individuals arising from a single parent plant via vegetative reproduction. With all the parts typically belonging to something. |
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Term
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Definition
| With two or more parts in one organ. A leaf is said to be compound when a single petiole bears more than one blade. (See simple, pinnately lobed, and palmately lobed.) |
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Term
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Definition
| The thickened, woody portion of a conifer cone. |
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Term
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Definition
| The group of plants whose seeds are borne inside cones (rather than ovaries). |
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Term
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Definition
| The collective name for all the petals of a flower. |
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Term
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Definition
| Falling off, not persistent, not evergreen. |
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Term
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Definition
| Arising from the stem in pairs, with each pair at right angles to the pair above or below it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Opening at maturity along predetermined sutures. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| flowers imperfect. with staminate (male) and pistillate (female) flowers borne on separate plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| The back or outward surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| Having large teeth interspersed with small teeth in regular fashion |
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Term
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Definition
| A flashy, indehiscent fruit usually containing a single, hard seed (example; cherry or plum). |
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Term
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Definition
| Smooth - not toothed, notched , lobed, or divided. |
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Term
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Definition
| Not deciduous, retaining leaves for longer than one growing season. |
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Term
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Definition
| Peeling off in thin layers or flakes. |
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Term
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Definition
| A tight bundle or cluster. The needles of pine trees are borne in fascicles. |
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Term
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Definition
| The reproductive organ of a flowering plant. A complete flower consists of sepals, petal, pistils, and stamens. |
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Term
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Definition
| A dry dehiscent fruit composed of a single carpel and opening along a single side. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ripened ovary, including the seeds and any other attachments within it. |
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Term
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Definition
| An alternating series of ridges and grooves, often irregular. (bark) |
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Term
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Definition
| A taxonomic unit composed of similar species. |
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Term
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Definition
| bearing glands (structures that secrete sticky or oily substances) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Plants producing seeds that are not enclosed inside ovaries. Seed are usually, but not always, borne in cones. |
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Term
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Definition
| A category of trees based roughly on the hardness of their wood. (most broadleaf's are hardwoods) |
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Term
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Definition
| A dense cluster of sessile or subsessile flowers. (dark part of a sunflower) |
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Term
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Definition
| Overlapping - like shingles or fish scales. |
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Term
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Definition
| A flower missing either its pistils or stamens. Unisexual. |
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Term
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Definition
| Not splitting open along predetermined lines. Staying closed. |
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Term
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Definition
| a collection of flowers sharing a common stalk. |
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Term
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Definition
| A whorl of bracts subtending a flower or inflorescence. (example; the cap of an acorn) |
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Term
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Definition
| Lance-shaped. Much longer then wide, with the widest part below the midpoint. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A flattened, expanded portion of the stem that is usually photosynthetic. |
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Term
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Definition
| The scar or mark left on a twig when a leaf falls or is removed. |
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Term
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Definition
| One blade of a compound leaf. |
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Term
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Definition
| A dry, dehiscent fruit derived from a single carpel and usually opening along two lines of dehiscence. (example; pea pod) |
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Term
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Definition
| A slightly raised pore on the surface of a young twig. Often lens-shaped and corky. Arises from an epidermal cell. Aids the plant in breathing. |
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Term
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Definition
| Long and narrow with almost parallel sides. |
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Term
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Definition
| A rounded or pointed projection of an organ (usually a leaf) for which the sinus extends 1/4 to 1/2 way toward the center. |
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Term
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Definition
| The central rib or vein of a leaf or other organ. Also called midvein. |
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Term
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Definition
| denotes plants in which the male and female flowers (each unisexual) occur on the same plant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Uncovered. Lacking hairs or scales. Buds are naked when they are not covered with scales. |
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Term
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Definition
| The place on a stem where leaves or branches originate. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hard, dry indehiscent fruit usually containing a single seed. |
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Term
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Definition
| When two leaves (or other organs) arise from the stem directly across from one another. |
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Term
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Definition
| Egg-shaped, with the point of attachment at the broad end. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lobed, veined, or divided from a common point. (like a hand, or palm.) |
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Term
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Definition
| A compound leaf in which the leaflets arise from a common point. |
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Term
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Definition
| When the primary veins of a leaf arise from a common vein. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shield-shaped. A flat surface borne on a stalk attached to its middle. (example; lily pad) |
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Term
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Definition
| Pinnately veined. Veined in a fashion resembling a feather. |
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Term
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Definition
| A flower containing both sexual organs, a pistil and stamens. |
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Term
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Definition
| Remaining attached after similar parts are normally dropped. |
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Term
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Definition
| An individual segment of the corolla - often brightly colored and scattered to attract pollinators, often absent in wind-pollinated species. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The arrangement of leaves around a stem. In broadleaves, typically expressed as a fraction in which the numerator indicates the number of revolutions around a leaf required in moving from one leaf to another directly above it on the stem, the denominator is the number of leaves passed while making those revolutions. Alternate, opposite, and whorled are short-hard notations for phyllotaxy. |
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Term
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Definition
| The stalk of a leaf. In compound leaves, the part of the stalk below the lowest seat of leaflets. The stalk on each leaflet is called a petiolute. |
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Term
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Definition
| A compound leaf in which the leaflets arise along a central axis, rather then from a common point. |
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Term
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Definition
| Veined in a pinnate fashion, or penniveined. |
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Term
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Definition
| The female reproductive organ of a plant, consists of a stigma, style, and ovary. |
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Term
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Definition
| Having a pistil, but not stamens |
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Term
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Definition
| Another term fro resin, a sticky substance produced by some plants as part of their defense mechanism. resin inside the plant and pitch outside. |
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Term
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Definition
| The central portion of most plants. Typically spongy when young, but may turn hard with age. May be solid, chambered, or hollow. Typically round, but may be other shapes in some species. (triangular or star-shaped) |
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Term
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Definition
| A flashy, indehiscent fruit, typically with multiple seeds enclosed inside a papery core. (apple) |
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Term
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Definition
| A small, sharp projection arising from the bark - usually not containing vascular tissue. Easy to break off. |
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Term
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Definition
| In general terms, it means any type of hairiness. More technically, it means covered with short, soft hairs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bearing pubescence or any kind of hairs |
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Term
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Definition
| An unbranched, elongated inflorescence containing flowers borne of stalks(pedicles). Flowers may be perfect of imperfect. Flowers mature from bottom upwards. |
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Term
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Definition
| The main axis of a compound leaf or flower. The part of the main rib between the first and last set of leaflets or flowers. |
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Term
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Definition
| A vertical row of leaves or floweers. Plants with two rows of leaves are said to be a 2-ranked ;three rows are 3-ranks, etc. The denominator of the phyllotaxic fraction. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of substances produced by plants as a defense mechanism against insects, disease, and other damaging agents. Often sticky and acidic in nature; usually secreted by special cells into ducts or canals in the leaves or bark. Some yield important commercial products like turpentine, glues, and fragrances. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rolled under. In leaves, with margins rolled down and under, sometimes loosely and sometimes very tightly |
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Term
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Definition
| A dry, indehiscent, single-seeded, winged fruit. |
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Term
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Definition
| The juice of a plant-both nutrient-laden water moving upward and food-rich water moving downward. |
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Term
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Definition
| Leaves that are small and tightly overlapping--typically flat in cross-section, but may also be rounded. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ripened ovule. Seeds are composed of an embryo and nutritive tissue (cotyledon or endosperm). The development of seeds, which limits the importance of water in the germination process, was a significant step forward in the colonization of dry land by plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| A single segment of the calyx. Typically green, but may be brightly colored. |
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Term
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Definition
| Saw-toothed, with the teeth pointing forward. |
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Term
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Definition
| Without a stalk or petiole. |
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Term
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Definition
| A woody plant, typically with multiple stems, and smaller than a tree at maturity (most often under 20 feet tall) |
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Term
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Definition
| Undivided-a simple leaf has only one blade per petiole, a simple pistil has only one carpel. |
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Term
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Definition
| A category of trees based roughly on the hardness of their wood. All conifers are classed as softwoods, regardless of the actual hardness of their wood. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of individuals capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring. Similar species are combined into a genus. |
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Term
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Definition
| A modified leaf or stipule that is stiff, slender and sharp. Spines arise from below the epidermis and contain vascular tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bearing spines (or spine-like appendages) |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of leaf arrangement in which each node arises from the twig slightly above and to the side of the preceding node (in a spiral fashion). |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Short, stout twigs with little or no elongation between leaf nodes,often giving the appearance that leaves are whorled. |
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Term
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Definition
| The male reproductive organ of a flower-consisting of an anther and filament. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bearing stamens but not pistils. |
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Term
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Definition
| A small modified leaf that occurs near the base of the petiole in some species. If present, typically occur in pairs; in some species, may be further modified into spines. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pore or opening in the surface of a leaf for the purpose of gas exchange. Each stoma is surrounded by two guard cells that open and close the stoma. Plural of stoma is stomata. |
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Term
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Definition
| 1)The reproductive structures of gymnosperms-the male strobile produces pollen; the female typically develops into a cone (in conifers). 2) In angiosperms, a type of dry composite fruit whose seeds are achenes (resembles a cone) Also called a strobilus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Occurring at the tip or apex. Compare with lateral and basal. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A modified branch that is stiff, sharp, and slender. |
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Term
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Definition
| Covered with short, soft, dense hairs. |
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Term
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Definition
| A covering of short, soft, densely woolly hairs; a specific type of pubescence. |
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Term
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Definition
| A large, woody perennial plant, typically with one main stem that increases in diameter each year. Height varies dramatically at maturity, from 20 feet in some species to 350 feet in others. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Containing two halves that touch along their edges, but do not overlap as in clam shells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to the top or inward surface of an organ in relation to its primary axis. For example, the upper surface of a leaf. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ring-like arrangement of leaves, stems, or flowers in which more than three organs arise from the same node. |
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