Term
| "Legal" Definition of Deliquency |
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Definition
| Any act, if committed by an adult, would be a crime |
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Term
| Upper chronological boundary line (age) between juvenile and criminal offenders = |
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Definition
| 18... some states have lowered this maximum age to 17 or 16 and sometimes as low as 15 |
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Term
| "Role" Definition of Deliquency |
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Definition
expands question of what is deliquency to who are juvenile deliquents
The juvenile deliquent is the individual who sustains a pattern of delinquency over a long period of time, and whose life and identity are organizeed around a pattern of deliquen behavior |
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Term
| Societal Response Definition |
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Definition
| In order for an act and or. actor to be defined as deliquent, an audience must perceive and judge the behavior in question |
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Term
| In regards to the societal response who is the "Audience" |
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Definition
| the social group that formulates the rules or norms, and therby oversees and judges the subsequent behavior of all the members of the group |
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Term
| Howard Becker believed... |
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Definition
| social groups create deviance by making the rules whose infranction constitutes deviance |
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Term
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Definition
illegal due only to the age of status of the offenders
examples: school truancy, running away from home, consumption of alcholoic beverages, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
Rule specific to children that resulted in extreme punishment examples:
rule 195: disobeying parents, if a son strikes his father his handshould be cut off |
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Term
"The History of child is a nightmare from which we have only recently begun to awaken"
who said dat |
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Definition
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Term
| _________________ America saw children as a source of labor, service and little more |
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Definition
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Term
| Turning points responsible for the development of modern adolescence |
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Definition
1. End of child labor(almost every state had child labor laws by 1914
2. Compulsory Public Schooling (Progressive Education Movement) adolescence should be kept in school because the need guidance and control |
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Term
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Definition
| Descended from Puritans believe that unacknowledged social evils would bring the wrath of God down upon the entire colony |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| principle tha the state could intervene on behalf of a child even, if this involved taking the child from his/her parents |
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Term
| Events that led to reforms and aided the development of the juvenile justice system |
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Definition
| Urbanization and Child Saving Movement |
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Term
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Definition
1st half of 19th ce US experienced rapid population growth ( increased birth rate and expanding immigration)
It increased the numbers of young people at risk-
chronic poverty became an American dilemma |
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Term
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Definition
| combination of state and community intervention... look at notes for more shit |
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Term
| Juvenile Institutions and Organizations |
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Definition
| Reform schools- days were spent working the institution, learning a trade, and receiving some basic education... shit like dat |
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Term
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Definition
According to them poor children were a financial burden on and the presented a threat to the moral fabric of society
young criminal offenders and runaways should be committed to specialized institutions |
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Term
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Definition
"Family like" environment
when 1st opened, majority of children were placed there because of vagrancy or neglect... look at notes for more info... |
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Term
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Definition
| created placing out plan- children were sent to western farms on what became known as the orphan trains |
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Term
| Positivism.. Three Assumtions |
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Definition
absolutism
objectivism
determinism |
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Term
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Definition
| deviance is absolutely real AND deviant persons are assumed to have certain characteristics that make them diff from conventional others |
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Term
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Definition
| deviant behavior is an observable object |
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Term
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Definition
| deviance is caused by forces beyond the individual's control |
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Term
| Methods of study used by positivists |
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Definition
official reports and stats
clinical reports
surveys or self reported behavior
victimization surveys |
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Term
Social Constructionism Three Assumptions
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Definition
| Relativism- deviant behavior itself does not have any intrinsic characteristics unless it is thought to have these characteristics, they question WHY an act is deviant |
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Term
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Definition
| the aim is to understand the deviants personal views, seeing the world as it appears to them |
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Term
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Definition
| deviance is an expression of human will or choice |
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Term
| Method of study used by Social constructionist |
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Definition
Ethnography- in depth stud of a group in it's natural setting
Participant observation- researcher becomes " part of he/she is studying
In depth interviews |
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Term
| Amount of tolerance for much deviant behavior factors: |
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Definition
1. nature of the offense
mores
2. the social status of the offender
3.the cultural context in which the deviant behavior occurs
4. temperol dimension, ex. something deviant years ago that is appropriate now |
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Term
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Definition
| the observation, analysis and explanation of human behavior and social phenomena |
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Term
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Definition
| a desolate alienation from parents and other adults who do not understand them |
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Term
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Definition
| behavior conducted according to the norms of the society |
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Term
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Definition
| Proscriptive Norms are unwritten rules that are known by society that one shouldn't do, or follow. These norms can vary from culture to culture. |
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Term
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Definition
| yearly FBI summarized data on crime and deliquency from network of city, county, and state law enforcment agencies |
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