Term
|
Definition
| phenelzine, tranylcypromine, isocarboxazid and selegiline |
|
|
Term
| Erythromycin and Seldane (terfenadine) |
|
Definition
| fatal-Torsades de pointes |
|
|
Term
| pharmacodynamic interactions |
|
Definition
| a drug interaction in which the physiologic effect of one drug is altered by another drug--no change in drug concentrations |
|
|
Term
| additive drug interactions |
|
Definition
| pharmacodynamic interaction that results in synergistic effect; morphine and benzo's--can be beneficial |
|
|
Term
| cimetadine and ketoconazole |
|
Definition
| lower pH of stomach, reduced absorption |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| killing of eubacterium lentum results in decreased degradation (metabolic capacity) of drug and increases serum concentration levels |
|
|
Term
| sulcralfate and ciprofloxacin |
|
Definition
| bind together and reduced absorption of antibiotic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bind together and reduced absorption of antibiotic--forms insoluble compound that is not absorbed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased bioavailability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased bioavailability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bind together and reduced absorption of antibiotic--forms insoluble compound that is not absorbed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased bioavailability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increased bioavailability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| displaces warfarin from albumin binding site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| displaces phenytoin from binding site, increasing phenytoin volume of distribution and reduces concentration |
|
|
Term
| phenytoin and renal failure |
|
Definition
| most likely toxin build up displaces drug from protein binding sites and increases Vd |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| displaces digoxin from tissue binding sites and increases Vd, increases rapidly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| block tubular secretions of Methotrexate and increases serum concentrations for longer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increases lithium levels due to changes in sodium levels |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| blocks tubular secretion and metabolism of procainamide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| heme containing, location--smooth ER of liver and intestinal tract, defense mechanism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| CYP1, CYP2, CYP3 mediate most drug metabolisms, account for 70% of the liver content |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| subfamilies name denote by uppercase letters, 20-subfamilies and CYP3A4--individual enzyme designated by second Arabic numeral |
|
|
Term
| CYP450 enzymes-important in drug interactions and metab (90% of drugs) |
|
Definition
| 1A2, 2C9, 2C19, 2D6, 3A4 and 3A5 |
|
|
Term
| substrate and inhibitor of CYP3A4 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| substrate and inhibitor of CYP2D6, but metabolized by CYP3A4 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| permanent inhibition of CYP |
|
Definition
| duration depends on t1/2 of isoenzyme; once inhibited a new enzyme must be synthesized |
|
|
Term
| erythromycin metabolized by CYP3A4 complexes with and permanently inhibits 3A4 |
|
Definition
| metabolism of theophylline may be inhibited days after administration of erythromycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most common type of inhibition, begins with first dose, max SS and reversed after 5 t1/2 after discontinuation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| causes increase synthesis of that particular isoenzyme, increased metab of any substance through that same pathway |
|
|
Term
| phenobarbitol and rifampin |
|
Definition
| capable of inducing a host of enzymes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most often responsible for life-threatening interactions; some drugs may inhibit many isoenzymes but most are isoenzyme specific |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| autoinducer which induces its own metabolism |
|
|
Term
| permanent inhibition of CYP |
|
Definition
| duration depends on t1/2 of isoenzyme; once inhibited a new enzyme must be synthesized |
|
|
Term
| erythromycin metabolized by CYP3A4 complexes with and permanently inhibits 3A4 |
|
Definition
| metabolism of theophylline may be inhibited days after administration of erythromycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| most common type of inhibition, begins with first dose, max SS and reversed after 5 t1/2 after discontinuation |
|
|
Term
| the time of onset and offset of increased activity is related to |
|
Definition
| plasma concentration and duration of its use of inducing drug, t1/2 of drug, t1/2 of turnover of the isoenzyme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ezyme CYP2B6 and CYP3A4,5,7; t1/2: 50-10 hours; enzyme induction one week; reversal 2-6 weeks |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| t1/2: 2-3 hours, enzyme induction in 2-3 days, reversal 1-3 weeks |
|
|
Term
| drug features associated with potential interactions |
|
Definition
| steep dose response curve, narrow therapeutic window, dose dependent rate of metabolism (phenytoin) |
|
|
Term
| the time of onset and offset of increased activity is related to |
|
Definition
| plasma concentration and duration of its use of inducing drug, t1/2 of drug, t1/2 of turnover of the isoenzyme |
|
|
Term
| birth control and rifampin |
|
Definition
| increased breakthrough bleeding or pregnancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| inflammation and infection |
|
Definition
| may increase warfarin alone |
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