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| Numerical or other information represented in a form suitable for processing by computer. |
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| Data as a corporate resource |
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| Used to hold such items as capital, inventory,personnel, and patents. Suggested that data is the most important corp. resource because it describes all of the others. important to keep track, protect, and distribute it. |
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| Problems and issues in storing data |
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| Desktop vs. Enterprise DBMSs |
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| is a property of, or characteristic of, or fact about an entity |
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| Resolving M:N relationships |
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| To resolve this ___ relationship, you can add an intersect entity |
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| associate occurrences of an entity type with other occurrences of the SAME entity type. |
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| Binary relationship is a relationship between two __________ |
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| A university wants to keep track of which professor taught which subject to which student. This is a _____ relationship. |
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Whenever the existence of an entity depends on the existence of another entity, that relationship is described as an existence dependency (ED).
For example, suppose there are two entities named Author and Book. A writer might have been provided with an advance to write a book for a publisher, but if this is the first book written by the writer for this publisher, there will be no entry in the Book entity until the contracted book has been written and published. In this case, the relationship between Author and Book is 1:0, indicating that the existence of an instance of Book is optional. |
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| Identification Dependency |
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| Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERDs) |
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| a diagramming technique that describes entities, their attributes, and the relationships between them |
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| When data structures can be modified without affecting the programs that use the data, we say that the environment is highly _____. |
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| Data integrity problems result from the incorrect updating of redundant data |
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| A file is a collection of records of the same structure. |
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1. Establishing relationships
2. Removing redundancy
3. Control of data |
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| has become a very broad topic, including protecting the physical hardware, defending against hacker attacks, encrypting data transmitted over networks and educating employees on the importance of protecting the companies data. |
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| Associations between entity is a |
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| A binary relationship is a relationship between two ____ |
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| The term “binary” in binary relationship indicates that the relationship is between |
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| The cardinality of a relationship is _____. |
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| The maximum number of entities that can be involved in the relationship. |
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| The modality of a relationship is _____. |
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| The minimum number of entities that can be involved in the relationship. |
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| A one-to-one binary relationship _____. |
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| involves two entity types |
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| A one-to-many binary relationship allows an occurrence of the entity type on the ““one side” of the relationship to be associated with _____. |
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| multiple occurrences of the entity type on the “many side” of the relationship |
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| A many-to-many binary relationship allows an occurrence of one entity type to be associated with _____. |
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| multiple occurrences of another entity type |
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| Abusiness school’s faculty parking lot has assigned parking spaces. Each professor is entitled to one parking space. This is an example of a _____ relationship. |
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| Each building on a university campus has several faculty offices. Each professor has one office. The relationship between campus buildings and professors is a _____ relationship |
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| A ternary relationship allows an occurrence of one entity type to be associated with _____. |
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| multiple occurrences of two other entity types |
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| A one-to-one unary relationship involves a single entity type |
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| A one-to-one unary relationship associates one occurrence of an entity type with one occurrence of another entity type. |
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| has its own PK, represented by a rectangle, PK is on of its attributes which uniquely id's its members |
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| it does not save suffiecient attributes to form a PK on its own, it is represented by double rectangle, contains a partial key or discriminator represented by a dashed underline |
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| describing entities, and the relationships between the entities. |
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| having multiple copies in different physical locations to prevent a catastrophic event to from destroying all copies of the file. |
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| concept that is used to address conflicts with the simultaneous accessing or altering of data that can occur with a multi-user system. Concurrency control, when applied to a DBMS, is meant to coordinate simultaneous transactions while preserving data integrity. |
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| When data structures can be modified without affecting the programs that use the data, we say that the environment is highly _____. |
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| Protecting against hackers is primarily a matter of _____. |
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| Rebuilding a database after it is destroyed by a natural disaster is an aspect of _____. |
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| Problems caused by two or more users trying to update the same data simultaneously fall primarily under the heading of _____. |
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| Regarding the three data control issues of security, backup and recovery, and concurrency, a database management system _____. |
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| should be responsible for handling all of them |
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| A database management system is designed to handle _____ relationships without introducing data redundancy or causing other problems. |
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| unary, binary, and ternary |
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| By definition, a database management system _____. |
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| permits data to be stored non-redundantly and provides for data integration |
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| When different kinds of data (data about different entities) are merged in one file, which of the following anomalies can occur? |
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| deletion, insertion, and update |
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| All of the following are true about data redundancy across multiple files, except _____. |
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| it speeds updates when the redundant data must be updated |
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| Which of the following does not change the contents of a file? |
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| Which of the following is the unique identifier of an entity? |
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| Which of the following is a collection of descriptions of the entities in an entity set? |
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| In relational database, the basic data structure that appears to be similar to a file is called a ____. |
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| A candidate key of a relation that is not chosen to be the primary key ____. |
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| is called an alternate key |
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Doctors and patients are in a binary one-to-many relationship as:
Doctor <--->-> Patient
To accomplish this in a relational database _____. |
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| The primary key of the DOCTOR relation is placed as a foreign key in the PATIENT relation. |
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| An attribute(s) that acts as a foreign key in a relation ____. |
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| may be part of the primary key of that relation |
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| Storing a binary many-to-many relationship in a relational database ____. |
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| requires the addition of one additional relation |
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| the primary key of the relation added to accomplish the many-to-many relationship ____. |
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| is the combination of the primary keys of the two relations involved in the many-to-many relationship plus possible additional attributes |
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| In relational database terminology, the terms column and tuple are synonymous. |
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| In relational database terminology, the terms row and relation are synonymous. |
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| A join in which one of the two identical join columns in the result is eliminated is called a(n) ____. |
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| is a data record within a table. Each row, which represents a complete record of specific item data, holds different data within the same structure. |
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| a row of values in a relational database |
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| is a set of data values, all of a single type, in a table. ____define the data in a table, while rows populate data into the table. |
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| is a predefined row/column format for storing information in a relational database. ____ are equivalent to tables. |
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| is a join with a join condition containing an equality operator ( = ). An _____ combines rows that have equivalent values for the specified columns. |
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| (sometimes called a "simple join") is a join of two or more tables that returns only those rows that satisfy the join condition. |
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| tatement that compares the common columns of both tables with each other. One should check whether common columns exist in both tables before doing a natural join. |
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| outer join (Left)definition |
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| returns all rows from the left table in the LEFT OUTER JOIN clause, not matter if the joined columns match. If a row in the left table (first table) doesn’t match a row in the right table (second table), the returned value for the second table is set to NULL |
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| outer join (Right)definition |
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| returns all rows from the right table in the RIGHT OUTER JOIN clause, not matter if the joined columns match. If a row in the right table (second table) doesn’t match a row in the left table (first table), the returned value for the first table is set to NULL. |
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| outer join (full)definition |
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| is the set of all combinations of tuples in R and S that are equal on their common attribute names, in addition to tuples in S that have no matching tuples in R and tuples in R that have no matching tuples in S in their common attribute names. |
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| A ternary relationship involves ____ entity type(s). |
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| Representing a ternary relationship in a relational database ____. |
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| requires the creation of an additional relation |
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| Referential integrity is an issue in record ____. |
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| insertion, deletion, and updating |
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| If the referential integrity delete rule between two relations is restrict, the deletion of a record in the relation on the “one side” of the one-to-many relationship may result in the deletion of one or more records in the relation on the “many side” of the relationship. |
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| If the referential integrity delete rule between two relations is cascade, the deletion of a record in the relation on the “one side” of the one-to-many relationship may result in the deletion of one or more records in the relation on the “many side” of the relationship. |
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| If the referential integrity delete rule between two relations is set-to-null, the deletion of a record in the relation on the “one side” of the one-to-many relationship may result in the deletion of one or more records in the relation on the “many side” of the relationship |
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| If the referential integrity delete rule between two relations is cascade, the deletion of a record in the relation on the “many side” of the one-to-many relationship may result in the deletion of one or more records in the relation on the “one side” of the relationship. |
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| Referential integrity is a factor in record deletion but not in record insertion or update. |
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| The goal of logical database design is ____. |
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| to create well-structured tables that properly reflect the company’s business environment |
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| Which of the following is a logical database design technique |
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| Placing the unique identifier of one database table in another existing or new table in the database ____. |
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creates a foreign key
may indicate the creation of a one-to-many binary relationship
may indicate the creation of a many-to-many binary relationship |
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| Converting a one-to-many binary relationship into a relational database from an E-R diagram ____. |
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| can be done by placing the unique identifier of one of the tables into the other |
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| Converting a many-to-many binary relationship into a relational database from an E-R diagram ____. |
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| Requires the creation of an additional table beyond the two that represent the two entities in the relationship |
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| Converting a one-to-one unary relationship into a relational database from an E-R diagram ____. |
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| Can be done by adding another copy of the unique identifier of the single entity’s table into the same table with a different attribute name |
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| Converting a one-to-many unary relationship into a relational database from an E-R diagram ____. |
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| Can be done by adding another copy of the unique identifier of the single entity’s table into the same table with a different attribute name |
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| Converting a many-to-many unary relationship into a relational database from an E-R diagram ____. |
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| Can be done by adding another copy of the unique identifier of the single entity’s table into the same table with a different attribute name |
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| Converting a ternary relationship into a relational database from an E-R diagram ____. |
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| Requires the creation of an additional table beyond the three that represent the three entities in the relationship |
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| precedes physical database design |
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| The term that describes a non-key field of a relational table being dependent on only part of the table’s key is ____. |
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| partial functional dependency |
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| The term that describes one non-key field of a table being dependent on another non-key field of the table is ____. |
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| data in ____ has only a single attribute value in every attribute position. |
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| all three normal forms - 1st 2nd 3rd |
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| Data in ____ cannot have transitive dependencies. |
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| Data in ____ cannot have partial functional dependencies but can have transitive dependencies. |
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| A relational table in second normal form ____. |
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| is also in third normal form |
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| A relational table in third normal form ____. |
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| Is in first and second normal form, it also has no transitive dependencies |
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| logical database design is the process of modifying the physical database design to improve performance. |
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| physical database design is the process of modifying the logical database design to improve performance. |
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| the two major logical database design techniques are conversion of E-R diagrams to relational tables and data normalization. |
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| a one-to-one binary relationship in an E-R diagram can be converted into either one or two tables in a relational database. |
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| converting a one-to-one binary relationship in an E-R diagram into a single table in a relational database introduces data redundancy. |
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| converting a one-to-one binary relationship in an E-R diagram into two relational tables, the rule is that the unique identifier of the entity on the “many side” of the one-to-many relationship is placed as a foreign key in the table representing the entity on the “one side.” |
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| a many-to-many binary relationship in an E-R diagram requires the creation of a total of three tables in a relational database. |
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| a one-to-one unary relationship in an E-R diagram requires the creation of a total of three tables in a relational database. |
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| converting from first to second normal form involves subdividing tables to remove partial functional dependencies. |
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| a transitive dependency occurs when a nonkey attribute determines another nonkey attribute. |
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| in third normal form, all foreign keys appear where needed to logically tie together related tables. |
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| in first normal form a single, generally multi-attribute, key is chosen that defines or determines all of the other attributes. |
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