Term
| Servicemen's Readjustment Act |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dien Bien Phu and the end of French presence in Vietnam |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Civil Rights Act (prohibiting segregation in schools and elsewhere) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Gama Abdel Nasser takes power in Egypt |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| U.S. enters WWI, russian revolution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Women granted the right to vote |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hitler jailed after failed coup |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prohibition ends in the U.S. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Hitler becomes Chancellor of Deutschland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| "Peace in our Time" by Neville Chamberlain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WWII starts and German Russian non/aggression pact |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A bomb on Japan, FDR dies, Germans surrender |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Julius and Ethel Rosenberg executed for spying |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Bay of Pigs and Berlin Wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Malcolm X is assassinated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ayatollah Khomeini returns to Iran |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Last diagnosis of someone having Variola Major (smallpox) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| last diagnosis of someone having variola minor (smallpox) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Stanley Cohen and Stephen Boyer meet at a conference in Hawaii and the collaborated to create a way to make rDNA strands. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Richard Byrd goes to man a weather base in Antarctica |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Black death first strikes Europe |
|
Definition
| 1348, Europe's population is at a local low in 1400 |
|
|
Term
| France and England begin fighting the 100 years war against each other |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pope lives at Avignon in the "captivity" which is followed by the great schism. |
|
Definition
| 1300s, the great schism takes place in 1378 |
|
|
Term
| When was the century in which the Renaissance began |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was the vernacular language and who introduced it |
|
Definition
| Dante introduced Italian as the vernacular in the divine comedy in the first quarter of the 14th century (13th century) |
|
|
Term
| Rome is sacked by German and Spanish Mercenaries after igniting the renaissance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Machievelli's The Prince is published |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Guttenberg invents movable type printing |
|
Definition
| 1450 (1439 on some accounts) |
|
|
Term
| Erasmus, dates of his life and his contribution |
|
Definition
| secular humanist who attacked the church's practices though not its essential nature. 1466-1536 |
|
|
Term
| Who were the new monarchs and abou what did time they take power |
|
Definition
| late 1400s. Tudor line in Henry the VII in England, Louis 11th in France, and Aragon and Castile in Spain |
|
|
Term
| When were the jews expelled from European countries? |
|
Definition
| Spain: 1492, England: 1290, France: 1306. |
|
|
Term
| Hapsburgs were elected holy roman emperors every year until 1806, starting in what year? and who was the first Hapsburg |
|
Definition
| Maximilian Hapsburg (1452) |
|
|
Term
| Martin Luther posts 95 theses on the door on the church in Wittenberg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Council of Constance. Resolved the Babylonian Captivity and the Great Schism, but threatened Papal power and scared papal leaders for centuries about trying to resolve their corruption. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prince Albert of East Prussia (and a teutonic order) secularizes and adopts lutheranism, turning his area into a duchy with hereditary control |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Revolutionary who took over Munster after protestantism became a force and declared himself influenced by god to bring back polygamy, etc. His was the first extreme reaction to the philosophical premise of lutheranism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| alliance of protestant princes who want to destroy the holy roman empire and replace it |
|
|
Term
| War by France (which, oddly was Catholic) and the Schmalkaldic league against the holy roman empire |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peace of Augsburg, granted freedom of religion to german princes and disintegrated the German political world, fragmenting Germans into Catholics (hapsburg prussia) and northern germany which was protestant. Calvinists were given no rights |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| John Calvin publishes the Institutes of the Christian Religion (a Calvinist manifesto) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Supremacy Act in England passed by Henry VIII so that he could get an heir. Note that at the time Henry thought he would be the head of the British CATHOLIC church but was eventually |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1545 and onward throughout the 16th century |
|
|
Term
| After the council of Trent, what was the next time a Catholic council met to define religious matters |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name two important facts about the council of Trent |
|
Definition
1. It was poorly attended
2. the pope managed to stave of Epicopalianism which would be rule by bishops or some similar religious council |
|
|
Term
| what are three ways that the counter reformation manifested itself |
|
Definition
1. jesuits (st. ignatius loyola) formed, ultra catholics who tried to reconvert people
2. reform popes
3. 1542 roman inquisition |
|
|
Term
| Something to note: protestantism could have been easily stamped out at the time of the reformation, but over the next hundred years starting in 1560, protestant countries came to dominate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Huge silver deposits found in Potosi Peru, which made Spain rich and helped finance the counterreformation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Start of the age of exploration |
|
Definition
| 1500, 1492 is Columbus and 1498 is Vasco Da Gama (portugese) |
|
|
Term
| Some interesting aspects of mercantilism |
|
Definition
1. new monarchs were the one pushing a kind of nationalized economy in which vegabonds and poor people should work (English poor laws are 1601)
2. regulation and control of guilds
3. Information economy -- the merchants ruled because they knew who would buy things, and the same with skilled workers. They held all the secrets to valuable production processes in their HEADS. England brought two Turks to England just to show people how to dye things. (trade secrets?) |
|
|
Term
| When were the Dutch and English East India companies formed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Charles V retires to a monastery and splits the hapsburgs into the Spanish and Austrian branches (Ferdinand who became HRE, and Philip who became Philip II of Spain) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did Philip II rule from and what are some hallmarks from his rule |
|
Definition
| 1556-1598, built the escorial (in the shape of a saint-roasting grill). A grave and sober man who took on the goal of recatholicizing everything. In 1600 it is believed that about 1/3 of people worked for the church. |
|
|
Term
| Battle of Lepanto in which the Spanish fleet beats the Turks |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre in France of Huguenots. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Philip sends the Duke of Alva (created council of troubles) to the Netherlands to suppress the rebellion of the provinces there who had united to check "foreign" (Spanish) power. William of Orange led the Netherlanders |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Prince of Parma gets the southern netherlands to rally to Spain and catholicism (Spanish netherlands) while the north became Holland and what we associate with the dutch today with the Union of Utrecht |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Mary Stuart is executed on the eve of the Spanish invasion (1588 remember is when the Spanish fleet is destroyed) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Spanish Armada destroyed by the British |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1598, right after this, the English and Dutch take to the seas. |
|
|
Term
| About when were the Moriscos expelled from Spain |
|
Definition
| Early 1600s. This cemented the fall of Spanish power. Spain lost skilled laborers. Catalonia rebels, military power declines. |
|
|
Term
| King Henry II of France dies leaving the country to a divided series of heirs. No less than 9 civil wars followed in the time leading up to 1600. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the years in which France experiences roughly 9 civil wars characterized by anarchy and roving bands of thugs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did Henry II die, which country did he lead, and what were the consequences of his death |
|
Definition
| 1559, France, civil war resulted as his mother, a medici, tried to hold shit together |
|
|
Term
| St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre |
|
Definition
| 1572. Protestants (calvinists) slaughtered in Paris. |
|
|
Term
| Henry IV begins to reign, he is the first of the bourbon dynasty, which will reign until the french revolution. He was huguenot but then turned catholic, saying "Paris is well worth a mass" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| French political philosophers who began to think that religion wasn't so important after all and that people were primarily political. They formed the beginning notions of tolerance. |
|
|
Term
| Edict of Nantes, when and what did it do |
|
Definition
| 1598, passed by Henry IV and gave protestants some civil rights and made it ok to hold protestant services in the households of lords. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ferdinand marries Isabella and unifies Spain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Thirty years war, from when to when? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sides in the Thirty Years War |
|
Definition
| First there was the catholic offensive against bohemia consisting of HRE Ferdinand, Spain, Pope, and others. This was opposed first by Duke of Holstein of Denmark and then Gustavus Adolphus from Sweden. France (richeleiu), Dutch, and England, joined. On the HRE side was Albert of Wallenstein. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1629, HRE (Ferdinand I believe) declared all church lands that had been secularized to be returned to the Church |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1648, saw the thorough secularization of european politics. Religion was never again a source of great conflict and the pope did not sign the westphalia treaty and no one listend to his mission. Calvinism got rights in the treaty as well. |
|
|
Term
| Charles II becomes King of Spain, he is incompetent. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Louis XIV assumes real control of the French state |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The DUTCH prince of Orange did more to checkmate Louis XIV than anyone else. |
|
|
Term
| Calvinist Synod meets to deal with the Arminian heresy |
|
Definition
| 1618. Grotius flees, but soon after this, Arminians are tolerated. |
|
|
Term
| Name two places the Dutch founded and named during their days of international travel |
|
Definition
| They founded Batavia which became Jakarta and Cape Horn was named after Hoorn in Holland. |
|
|
Term
| Dutch found their first settlement in Manhattan |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Dutch founded the Bank of Amsterdam. They created set exchange and minted reliably valuable coins. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1651 trade war initiating act by the British |
|
|
Term
| William III, the Orange was elected stadholder in the netherlands and his position was made hereditary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| First attack by Louis XIV against the Spanish Netherlands |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| King Charles I and parliament come to a deadlock on "ship money" i.e., who would pay for the countries navy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did the long parliament begin? When did it end? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was Charles I put to death by the Rump parliament |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| This is after Colonel Pride who commanded the soldiers who intimidated and then drove out members of the long parliament until they put Charles I to death |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| secret treaty of Dover, Louis XIV wanted Charles II to help combat the Dutch |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Test act passed in England |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| James II becomes king in England. He shield catholics from the test act |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Battle of Boyne River. What happened? |
|
Definition
| 1690 - The army of William III (or Orange) defeated French and the Irish so that he could become king of England. James II fled. |
|
|
Term
| Bill of Rights in England, including the Toleration Act |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| United Kingdom of Great Britain is created |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At the end of the 17th century (1700), who was the most oppressed group in western europe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Louis XIV revokes the edict of nantes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| League of Augsburg formed, Catholic and Protestant to oppose France |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the attacks and peace treaties of Louis XIV |
|
Definition
1. 1667, repelled by triple alliance of England, Dutch, Sweden
2. 1672 "Dutch War" -- signs treaty of Nimwegen in 1678
3. 1681 French take Strasbourg, Hungary, Turks
4. 1688 War of the League of Augsburg, peace in 1697 |
|
|
Term
| War of the Spanish Succession. This was the first world war, the first MODERN? war |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Peace of the Pyrenees ended war between pre Louis XIV France and Spanish Hapsburgs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Commanded forces of England during the war of Spanish Succession |
|
|
Term
| Grand Alliance formed, when did William 3 die? |
|
Definition
| Grand Alliance of 1701, William 3 died a year later before hostilities began in 1702 |
|
|
Term
| Explain how the end of the war of Spanish succession changed British constitutional history |
|
Definition
| Tories controlled commons but whigs controlled the house of lords. The whigs wanted more concessions after the war, but Queen Anne raised enough tories to the peerage so that the house of lords would respect the house of commons |
|
|
Term
| Treaty of Utrecht and Rastadt |
|
Definition
| 1713, 1714 (1713 is a good end date) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| right to bring slaves to Spanish America (S. America). This helped make the British rich. |
|
|
Term
| Who Founded Austria and roughly when |
|
Definition
| end of the 1600s, Eugene of Savoy |
|
|
Term
| When did Suleiman try to conquer Vienna |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did the Turks besiege Vienna in the 17th century |
|
Definition
| 1683, the international response to this attack is what triggered a flood tide of pro-Austrian help |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1699 -- this gave Austria all of Hungary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pragmatic Sanction first issued |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Charles VI dies (where did he rule and what did he accomplish) |
|
Definition
| Austrian monarch, got the pragmatic sanction approved by everyone. He died 1740 |
|
|
Term
| When did the Turks start to control Hungary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did the Hohenzollerns start ruling Brandenburg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did the elector of Brandenburg first receive the duchy of Prussia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Frederick II (later "the great") becomes king of prussia and invades and then annexes silesia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did Frederick "the great elector" (not "the great") rule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ivan III in Muscovy throws off the Mongols and ceases the payment of tribute. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was Harvard founded (this about when Boston was founded) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| end to the time of troubles and creation of the Romanov line (which ruled russia until 1917). Michael Romanov |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Great northern War involving which parties |
|
Definition
| Russia led by Peter the great, and Sweden. 1700-1721 |
|
|
Term
| Prussia gains Pomerelian area between duchy of Prussia and Brandenburg, becoming linked |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Three partitions of Poland. Who received the holdings |
|
Definition
| 1772, 1793, 1795, Austria, Prussia, and Russia received territories |
|
|
Term
| Who were the jacobites and what/when did they do in britain |
|
Definition
| They were supporters of James II's son, who they called James III, and in two small attempts at revolution 1715 and 1745, they tried to reinstall him over George I, who everyone hated. |
|
|
Term
| When was New Orleans founded? |
|
Definition
| 1718, remember this was the beginning of the Missippi bubble because New Orleans was founded by the company authorized. England recovered its financial institutions but France did not for the whole century |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Prime Minister under George 1 during the first half of the 18th century. He oversaw many parliamentary improvements and he supported the banks |
|
|
Term
| England joins into the war of Jenkins' Ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| South Sea bubble, bubble act, John Law, Mississippi company |
|
Definition
| Early in the 18th century, both england and france were struck by speculation in the realm of government debt. The consequence was that a bank did not exist in France for the rest of the century. England outlawed sale of stock except for publicly chartered companies |
|
|
Term
| What are the dates for the conflict that went under the following names: french and indian war, war of jenkins ear, austrian succession, silesian wars, seven years war |
|
Definition
| 1740-1748 and then again from 1756 to 1763 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Britain and France returned lost possessions to each other. Silesia was given to Freddy II and Maria Theresa was given Belgium back to protect the Dutch. Spain and France fought the hapsburgs and england and the dutch. France was forced to the table because of losses on the seas rather than in Europe, were France did well. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Austria decides, after centuries of conflict, to court France. Maria Theresa encouraged French ambitions in 1756 -- Belgium in exchange for help in defeating Prussia. This meant that in the coming conflict, Russia, Spain, France, and Austria was after the Prussians who got help from England. Remember though that these treaties didn't start war. Rather America triggered war. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1754 England calls a congress in albany new york to get the colonists to help defend themselves, but the colonies did not act. Instead, they waited for help from England |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1763, gave Britain command of North America and vindicated it's sea power. But France was allowed to trade in North America. Prussia's militarism was strengthened. |
|
|
Term
| When/where was the last known execution for witchcraft |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes publish their most important works |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During what decade were Europe's royal societies founded? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| About when did the first steam engines enter use/production |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was Principia Mathematica published? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did English laws of evidence ban hearsay from court |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Leviathan published when? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which twenty year period roughly marks the creation of the Encyclopedia edited by Denis Diderot |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What was Voltaire's real name, what was his battle cry |
|
Definition
| Francois Marie Arouet, "crush the infamous thing" the infamous thing being religion or intolerance |
|
|
Term
| When did Maria Theresa die and who succeeded her? |
|
Definition
| She died in 1770 and Joseph ruled until he died prematurely in 1780. H had tried to be more progressive than was possible given his circumstances. |
|
|
Term
| When did Peter the Great die and when did Russian history resume a coherent narrative? |
|
Definition
| Peter the Great died in 1725 and Catherine the Great finally takes the throne in 1762 |
|
|
Term
| When was Pugachev's rebellion? |
|
Definition
| 1773, Don Pugachev acted liked Peter III and created a fake court. The rebellion was enormous but he was brought to Moscow in a cage and executed by Catherine the great |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Parliament permits the East India Company to sell tea directly to the Americas, partially due to the companies diminished power under the regulating act of ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did the american war for independence end with a peace treaty |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When was the U.S. constitution drafted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what were the dates of the Atlantic or Democratic revolution? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The Rights of Man are issued by the French Revolution |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| First constitution created (constitutional monarchy initiated) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Declaration of Pillnitz (issued by which powers?) |
|
Definition
| Leopold of Austria promised to war against France if everybody else helped. This declaration turned the revolution in a much more radical direction. E.g., the king was put under house arrest. 1791 |
|
|
Term
| France's constitutional monarchy initiates war at the behest of the Girondins, at the time the most international and revolutionary party |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Soon after France declares war, the second revolution begins which is more anti-monarchical and coincides with some French victories |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did the national convention (which sat for 3 years) begin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Louis 16 is voted to be put to death by the national convention by ONE VOTE. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When did the mountain purge the Girondin, including an attempt to kill Condorcet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the order of revolutionary groups? |
|
Definition
| Third estate, jacobins, girondins (extreme jacobins), the mountain (Robespierre), and then the Hebertists (Jacques Hebert). Right Mountain members (dantonists) were liquidated |
|
|
Term
| Robespierre declared "illegal" and executed the following day |
|
Definition
| 9 Thermidor, July 27, 1794 |
|
|
Term
| Drafting of a new constitution to replace the Mountain constitution that never went into effect (because of the "emergency"). After his constitution was drafted, the directory ruled until 1799 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coup of fructidor and campo formio |
|
Definition
| Republican government becomes a dictatorship by annulling elections, the first ever under a republican constitution. They wanted to prevent a return to monarchy. They became an ineffective dictatorship 1797. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Napoleon slips out of his Egyptian campaign and joins Sieyes to become first consul, abolishing the republic. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1907, high point of Napoleon's conquests. On the banks of the Niemen river, the continental system was formed with Russia and France arrayed against the UK. |
|
|
Term
| Beginning of the Penninsular War in Spain |
|
Definition
| Spain resists French troops even though Joseph, Napoleon's brother was installed as king. Britain helps out with the Duke of Wellington. This is what Goya's paintings were about, and this rallied Europe back to the UK |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| old French aristocrat who betrays Napoleon by telling Alexander of Russia that Napoleon had overreached himself. Alexander didn't help as much after this |
|
|
Term
| War of Austrian liberation |
|
Definition
| 1808. Austrian fought a fourth war against Napoleon and lost again. It managed to keep itself together despite so many defeats. |
|
|
Term
| Edmund Hillary climbs everest and the news is relayed by runner |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Linear B decoded. This is early Greek |
|
Definition
|
|
