Term
| 1. The Holstein breed has the following characteristic: |
|
Definition
a. largest size (body weight).
b. richest milk (highest percent fat and protein).
c. solid colored breed
d. most popular breed in U.S.
e. Channel Island breed. |
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Term
| Average milk from cows contains what percentage of water? |
|
Definition
a. 87% c. 3.2%
b. 4.9% d. 12.5% |
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Term
| 3. In the last 10 years, which statement is CORRECT? |
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Definition
a. The amount of milk produced has increased.
b. The number of dairy farms has increased.
c. The amount of milk produced per cow has decreased.
d. All of the above are correct. |
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Term
| 4. The udder is composed of _____ mammary glands. |
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Definition
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Term
| 5. Which statement is correct? |
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Definition
a. Class 2 milk is used for cheese production.
b. Most milk produced in the U.S. is grade B milk.
c. Grade B can be used for bottling milk.
d. Hard products include cheese, butter, and dried milk.
e. All of the above.
Grade A: fluids or any other use (most popular)
Grade B: Hard products (highest quality)
Class 1:fluid milk
Class 2: soft products
Class 3: Cheeses
Class 4: Butter and milk powder
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Term
| 6. Milk is checked at every pick up on the farm by the milk processing plant for: |
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Definition
a. density. c. antibiotics.
b. color. d. specific gravity. |
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Term
| 7. Which dairy breed(s) is considered a dual-purpose breed in the United States? |
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Definition
a. Brown Swiss. c. Milking Shorthorn.
b. Holstein. d. all of the above. |
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Term
| 8. Which of the following physical characteristics would you consider desirable for a dairy cow? |
|
Definition
a. correct mammary system for milking ease.
b. long and tall cows with a straight top line for strength.
c. sound legs to walk.
d. functional rump for ease of calving.
e. all of the above. |
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Term
| 9. The process used in milk processing plants to add vitamin D to milk is called: |
|
Definition
a. homogenization. c. pasteurization.
b. fortification. d. chlorination.
Pasteurization (heating to kill microbes)
Homogenization (breaking fat globules-so cream does not rise) |
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Term
| 10. What hormone is responsible for the milk reflex when cows are milked due to udder stimulation? |
|
Definition
a. epinephrine. c. oxytocin.
b. alveoli or alveolus. d. estrogen |
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Term
| 11. Which cow side test was used in lab to detect subclinical mastitis by looking for abnormal milk (gelatinization, flakes, or slugs)? |
|
Definition
a. Wisconsin mastitis test (WMT).
b. California mastitis test (CMT).
c. Strip cup (SC).
d. Antibiotic sensitivity test (CAMP).
e. DHI test. |
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Term
| 12. The Jersey breed is increasing in popularity in the U.S. possibly because: |
|
Definition
a. it has larger body size resulting in greater feed efficient (less feed to maintain).
b. it produces milk higher in fat and protein content for cheese and butter production.
c. it can handle cold stress more effectively.
d. none of the above. |
|
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Term
| 13. When a milk machine harvests milk (the cow is milked), which statement is correct? |
|
Definition
a. Milk is squeezed from the teats.
b. Milk is removed during the expansion phase.
c. It causes pain to the teat end.
d. Milk is removed during the closed phase. |
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Term
| 14. The period when a cow is carrying a calf (pregnant) is called the: |
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Definition
a. gestation period.(9 months) d. freshening period.
b. lactation period.(producing milk) e. dry period.(not lactating)
c. open period.(not pregnant) |
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Term
| 15. Which type of dairy system in the world is characterized by high milk yield, high inputs, and found in Canada, USA, and Israel? |
|
Definition
a. Intensive farming.
b. Low cost farming.
c. Subsistence farming. |
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Term
| 16. Which breed has the highest milk yield? |
|
Definition
a. Holstein. c. Ayrshire.
b. Jersey. d. Guernsey. |
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Term
| 17. Higher milk yield per cow results in: |
|
Definition
a. lower milk quality. c. increase in mastitis in cow.
b. increased profitability. d. all of the above. |
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Term
| 18. Which item will improve genetic selection and progress in dairy cattle? |
|
Definition
a. use of artificial insemination.
b. use of DHI production records.
c. use of embryo transfer.
d. all of the above. |
|
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Term
| 19. Which breed was not shown during the Lab? |
|
Definition
a. Guernsey. d. Ayrshire.
b. Holstein. e. Jersey.
c. Brown Swiss. |
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Term
| 20. On the dairy PDCA scorecard reviewed in lab, which is the most important category, representing 40% of the total score? |
|
Definition
a. frame. (15%)
b. mammary system (udder). (40%)
c. dairy strength/character. (25%)
d. feet and legs. (20%)
e. body capacity. (?)
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Term
| 21. On the dairy PDCA scorecard reviewed in lab, which is NOT a main category? |
|
Definition
a. frame.
b. mammary system (udder).
c. dairy strength/character.
d. feet and legs.
e. body capacity.
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Term
| 22. Which type of mastitis is characterized with normal appearing milk, but high in somatic cells or white blood cells detected with the paddle or CMT test? |
|
Definition
a. subclinical mastitis.
b. acute mastitis. (blood)
c. clinical mastitis. (abdnormal milk)
d. none of the above. |
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Term
| 23. Mastitis is the ________ of the mammary gland. |
|
Definition
a. inflammation.
b. sweat.
c. trauma.
d. congestion. |
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Term
| 24. Which housing system would NOT be considered loose housing for a cow? |
|
Definition
a. free stall confinement.
b. grazing.
c. corral confinement.
d. tie stall and stanchions. |
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Term
| 25. Each quart of the udder has millions of ______ responsible for milk production connected by ducts. |
|
Definition
a. cistern.
b. support tissue.
c. alveoli.
d. none of the above |
|
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Term
| 26. Nighty-one percent of the world’s milk is from: |
|
Definition
a. goats.
b. sheep.
c. horses.
d. cows. |
|
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Term
| 27. Cow’s milk is composed of 87% _____. |
|
Definition
a. protein. (3.5%)
b. fat. (3.4-4.0)
c. water.
d. lactose. (4.9) |
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Term
| 28. Which type of dairy system in the world is characterized by pasture-based systems? |
|
Definition
a. Intensive farming.
b. Low input farming.
c. Subsistence farming. |
|
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Term
| 29. What are the top 2 states for milk production in the U.S.? |
|
Definition
a. California (21.1%) and Wisconsin (13.3)
b. California and New York.
c. Wisconsin and Idaho.
d. Wisconsin and Minnesota.
e. Idaho and Minnesota. |
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Term
| 30. The U.S. per capita fluid milk consumption has _________ from 1985 to 2010. |
|
Definition
a. increased.
b. not changed.
c. decreased |
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Term
| 31. Type of milk sold in stores that has 3.25% fat is called? |
|
Definition
a. whole milk.
b. reduced-fat. (1.0%-2.0%)
c. low fat. (<0.5%)
d. UHT. (ultra high temperatures for killing microbesin milk) |
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Term
| 32. It is a milk processing term that is used to kill bacteria. |
|
Definition
a. homogenization.
b. fortification.
c. heating.
d. gelatinization. |
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Term
| 33. Milk from Jersey cows most likely would produce _______ cheese than milk from Holstein cows |
|
Definition
a. less.
b. more.
c. the same amount of. |
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Term
| 34. _______ is the highest cost component of milk production. |
|
Definition
a. variable costs. (15%)
b. replacement heifer costs. (15%)
c. fixed costs. (10%)
d. labor costs. (10%)
e. feed costs. (45%) |
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Term
| 35. Which one of the items below can be considered key to profitability in dairy farms? |
|
Definition
a. minimizing feed costs.
b. improve reproductive efficiency.
c. maximizing feed efficiency.
d. minimizing health problems.
e. all of the above. |
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Term
| 36. When working to improve the genetics of his herd, Billy, the farmer, realized that this trait has the highest heritability among all: |
|
Definition
a. milk yield. (.25)
b. fertility. (.05)
c. mastitis. (.20)
d. fat or protein. (.45-.55)
e. longevity. (.05) |
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Term
| 37. The period when a cow is not lactating is called the: |
|
Definition
a. gestation period.
b. lactation period.
c. open period.
d. freshening period.
e. dry period. |
|
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Term
| 38. The transition period is usually identified as the ___ weeks prior to and ___ weeks following parturition: |
|
Definition
a. 2.
b. 3.
c. 4.
d. 5.
e. 6.
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Term
| 39. Which one of the items below is considered an advantage of A.I. in dairy? |
|
Definition
a. disease control.
b. superior genetics at low cost.
c. calving easy.
d. all of the above.
e. none of the above. |
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Term
| 40. ______ is the kind of mastitis where the causing organisms are transmitted from one cow to another cow. |
|
Definition
a. environmental.
b. contagious.
c. clinical.
d. subclinical.
e. acute. |
|
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Term
| 41. ______ is a product used before attaching the milk unit at the milking parlor that reduces the amount of bacteria on the teat skin to prevent mastitis. |
|
Definition
a. pre-dip.
b. post-dip.
c. antibiotic.
d. neutrophil. |
|
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Term
| 42. When handling dairy cattle, Billy, the dairy farmer, approached a cow too fast and too close making her run in the wrong direction. What is the name of the zone that he broke? |
|
Definition
a. blind zone.
b. cold zone.
c. fast zone.
d. flight zone.
e. acute zone. |
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Term
| 43. What is the zone where Billy, the dairy farmer, should be working on with his cattle? |
|
Definition
a. blind zone.
b. acute zone.
c. fast zone.
d. flight zone.
e. pressure zone. |
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Term
| 44. According to the best practices of dairy stockmanship the best place to let a cow see you is from her _____. |
|
Definition
a. back.
b. side.
c. front. |
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Term
| 45. According to the best practices of dairy stockmanship walking with animals will _____them. |
|
Definition
a. scare.
b. block.
c. speeds.
d. slow. |
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Term
| 46. According to the best practices of dairy stockmanship walking the opposite direction _____ animals. |
|
Definition
a. scare.
b. block.
c. speed.
d. slow. |
|
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Term
| 47. Which housing system is characterized by higher labor efficiency and higher mastitis risk? |
|
Definition
a. tie stalls.
b. free stalls.
c. compost barns.
d. grazing |
|
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Term
| 48. Which housing system is characterized by labor inefficiency and able to provide better individual attention to the cow? |
|
Definition
a. tie stalls.
b. free stalls.
c. compost barns.
d. grazing |
|
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Term
| 49. What are the 2 housing systems present at the U of I Dairy Farm visited during the lab? |
|
Definition
a. tie stalls, compost barns.
b. free stalls, tie stalls.
c. compost barns, grazing.
d. grazing, tie stalls |
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Term
| 50. Which one is an example of a goal for dairy housing? |
|
Definition
a. wet environment.
b. cow comfort.
c. windy environment.
d. none of the above.
(dry, no wind, avoid humidity build up, cow comfort, labor efficient) |
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Term
| 51. What is the name of the zone represented by the dashed area where Billy the farmer is in the figure below? |
|
Definition
a. comfort zone.
b. acute zone.
c. flight zone.
d. pressure zone.
e. blind zone.
[image] |
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Term
| 52. What is the main reason for the calves at the U of I dairy farm to be housed individually in hutches? |
|
Definition
a. less labor.
b. prevent disease.
c. dry environment.
d. none of the above. |
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Term
| 53. Which housing system is characterized by providing excellent cow comfort and dry surface to the cow? |
|
Definition
a. tie stalls.
b. free stalls.
c. compost barns.
d. grazing. |
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Term
| 54. Each mastitis case costs $180 to 225 per year to dairy farmers due to? |
|
Definition
a. milk loss.
b. labor.
c. death loss.
d. all of the above. |
|
|
Term
| 55. ______ is the kind of mastitis where the causing organisms are found in the area. |
|
Definition
a. environmental.
b. contagious.
c. clinical.
d. subclinical.
e. acute |
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