Term
| What percent of lameness cases are due to a problem in the hoof? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 most common causes of lameness? |
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Definition
Laminitis
Infectious agents
Traumatic injury |
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Term
| Why type of infectious agents cause lameness? |
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Definition
| heel warts, foot rot, heel erosions |
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Term
| What type of traumatic injuries cause lameness? |
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Definition
excessive wear
subsolar abscesses |
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Term
| Does lameness affect reproduction? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do cases of lameness increase the rate of culling? |
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Definition
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Term
| Does lameness affect feed intake? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the decrease feed intake decrease as a result? |
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Definition
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Term
| A lame cow that is not eating will also produce less ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| How much milk loss could I see in a single cow that is lame? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which two causes of lameness affect milk production the most? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cause of lameness affect milk production the least? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much longer may a cow remain open if she is lame? |
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Definition
| up to 50 days longer than desired |
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Term
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Definition
| Timed Artificial Insemination |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| So why would I see a decline in reproduction, with a lame cow, when I am doing TAI? |
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Definition
| the lameness results in decreased feed intake which leads to lower BCS which leads to lower rates of successful reproduction |
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Term
| What is the chance of a lame cow being culled? |
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Definition
| 2-4 times greater than non-lame cows |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation and degeneration of the "sensitive laminae" of the hoof |
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Term
| What are the signs of laminitis?(2+1) |
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Definition
lameness in all four limbs, sub-solar hemmorage.
In acute stages, there is heat in the hoof wall. |
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Term
Can feed issues cause laminitis?
how? |
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Definition
yes
overfeeding concentrates and underfeeding effective fiber |
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Term
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Definition
| Sub Acute Ruminal Acidosis |
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Term
| Can SARA cause laminitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| How does disruption of the vasculature supplying the sensitive laminae of the hoof cause laminitis? |
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Definition
| It causes the sensitive laminae to degenerate |
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Term
| Why is degeneration of the sensitive laminae bad? |
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Definition
| It causes the 3rd phalanx to separate from the hoof wall |
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Term
| What will I see externally with sensitive laminae degeneration? |
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Definition
| growth rings and excess hoof growth |
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Term
| What hoof conditions can rumen acidosis cause? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do I do to treat a sole ulcer? |
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Definition
| apply a hoof block to the healthy claw |
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Term
| What else might sole ulcers be a sign of, besides rumen acidosis? |
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Definition
| subclinical stage of laminitis |
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Term
| In addition to the heel block, can I cut away the sole ulcer? |
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Definition
| NO!!!!! Nor can you use a caustic substance on it! |
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Term
| What is False Sole also known as? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Rumen acidosis is one cause |
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Term
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Definition
| erosion of the tissue covering the bulbs of the heels |
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Term
| What causes heel erosion? |
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Definition
| Rumen acidosis, laminitis, foot rot, exposure to irritants |
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Term
| What is the treatment for heel erosion? |
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Definition
| antibiotics, corrective trimming, foot baths |
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Term
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Definition
| bacterial infection of the skin and tissues |
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Term
| Is there swelling with foot rot? |
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Definition
| yes, just above the hoof wall between the claws |
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Term
| Is there heat with foot rot? |
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Definition
| yes, just above the hoof wall between the claws |
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Term
| Is there pain with foot rot? If yes, where? |
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Definition
| yes, just above the hoof wall between the claws |
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Term
| My cow's claws in one foot are spread apart more than usual. There is swelling in between the claws. What might it be? |
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Definition
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Term
| Foot rot is caused by bacteria. What is the primary bacteria in foot rot cases? |
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Definition
| Fusobacterium necrophorum |
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Term
| Can staph aureus cause foot rot? |
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Definition
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Term
| Can e.coli cause foot rot? |
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Definition
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Term
| What 3 factors increase risk for foot rot? |
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Definition
| mechanical trauma, we environmental conditions, other diseases that damage the skin |
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Term
| If foot rot is in an early stage, how should I treat it? |
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Definition
| remove necrotic tissue, clean w mild antiseptic, topical antibiotic w wrap, systemic antibiotic, keep healing cow in dry environment |
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Term
| Why remove the necrotic tissue in a foot rot cow? |
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Definition
| so oxygen can reach the healing tissue |
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Term
| What medications should I consider if the foot rot is past the early stage? |
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Definition
| penecillin, Excemel, Oxytetracycline |
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Term
| Why the topical antibiotic in foot rot treatment? |
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Definition
| to prevent spread of the disease |
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Term
| What is another name for digital dermitis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes hairy heel warts? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the signs of hairy heel warts? |
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Definition
| redness, swelling above the interdigital cleft |
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Term
| What is the treatment of hairy heel warts? |
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Definition
| topical antibiotic e.g. oxytetracylcline powder in a 3 day lasting carrier paste |
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Term
| What is a corn between a cow's claws called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a corn (physically, not "another name")? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes corns in cattle? |
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Definition
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Term
| How do you treat corns in cattle? |
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Definition
| surgical excision (Stott uses a hoof knife) |
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Term
| How many cows can pass through a solution bath before you have to dump and refill? |
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Definition
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Term
| What dimensions do foot baths need to be? |
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Definition
9ft x 4ft x 5inches
(note it is the solution that needs to be 5" deep) |
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Term
| What are the two most common foot bath solutions? |
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Definition
copper sulfate
zinc sulfate |
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Term
| What must be done before a cow enters a foot bath? |
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Definition
| their feet have to be washed |
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Term
| What should one's goal be for acceptable number of foot rot cases in a herd? |
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Definition
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Term
What should one's goal be for acceptable number of interdigital dermatitis cases in a herd?
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Definition
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Term
What should one's goal be for acceptable number of digital dermatitis cases in a herd?
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Definition
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