Term
| Besides bacteria and viruses, what other infectious agents are there?(3) |
|
Definition
| parasites, fungi, mycoplasma |
|
|
Term
| What do viral infections often result in? |
|
Definition
| secondary bacterial infections |
|
|
Term
| When do we see viral infections with secondary bacterial infections?(2) |
|
Definition
| Common with diarrhea and pneuomonia |
|
|
Term
| How does infectious disease affect milk production? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does infectious disease affect BCS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does infectious disease affect herd numbers? |
|
Definition
| It can lower herd numbers via death |
|
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Term
| Why is it important to other farmers that we prevent infectious disease amongst our own cattle? (2) |
|
Definition
| to prevent epidemics as well as to minimize the evolution of antibiotic resistant pathogen strains |
|
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Term
| The later you treat illness, the more ______ you will use and will get in your milk. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 main environmental concerns when attempting to minimize infectious disease? |
|
Definition
Ventilation- air quality
Weather
Population density of cows |
|
|
Term
| What ventilation concerns are there?(3) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What weather concerns are there? |
|
Definition
temperature
rain
snow
wind |
|
|
Term
| What concerns arise with increases in population density in a herd? (3) |
|
Definition
promotes spread
increases stress
increases pathogen density |
|
|
Term
How big of a deal is it if I have problems with all 3 primary environmental concerns?
(ventilation, weather, dense pop) |
|
Definition
| You are set up for an epidemic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a pathogen's ability to cause disease |
|
|
Term
| Virulence varies among ____ of a pathogen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The goal in pathogen control is to identify and elimate pathogen _____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| it stimulates the immune system to react against it |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proteins produced by immune system in response to antigens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| antiserum for a specific toxin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| resistance to a disease (due to a developed immune response against that specific disease) |
|
|
Term
| What two types of immunities are there? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is humoral immunity? |
|
Definition
| derived from antibodies via B-cells (memory cells) |
|
|
Term
| What is cellular immunity? |
|
Definition
| due to activation of T-lymphocytes and macrophages |
|
|
Term
| There are two types of passive immunity. One is via colostrum. What is the other? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| immunity derived from one's own immune response |
|
|
Term
| So active immunity is due to natural exposure of a pathogen? (Or...) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Activated B and T cells ___ with____ to ______ the infectious agent. |
|
Definition
| combine, antigen, eliminate |
|
|
Term
| What two types of vaccines are there? |
|
Definition
Inactivated/killed.
Modified/live. |
|
|
Term
| Is the inactive/killed vaccine type effective? |
|
Definition
| it does have a weak and short effect and therefore requires booster injections 2-4 weeks later |
|
|
Term
| What makes the live vaccine unique? |
|
Definition
| it can multiply inside the animal |
|
|
Term
| Does a live vaccine work better than the killed? |
|
Definition
| yes, because it is stronger and lasts longer |
|
|
Term
| What are the risks of live vaccines? |
|
Definition
| You might see clinical signs of the disease- such as fever, abortion, depression |
|
|
Term
| Will colostrum based antibodies inactivate desired antigens in vaccines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The goal of vaccination should be to provide __ during periods of ___ for specific infectious diseases |
|
Definition
maximum antibody levels
high risk |
|
|
Term
| When do we vaccinate for viral pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| 2-4 weeks before time of risk (risk is high after weaning) |
|
|
Term
When does a calf get their booster vaccine shots?(2) |
|
Definition
| in 6 months and then annually |
|
|
Term
| look at slides 23-26 on various vaccines |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is scour prevention done? |
|
Definition
| dry off and booster 3 wks prior to calving |
|
|
Term
| No more than ___ vaccines should be given on______ |
|
Definition
two gram-negative,
same day |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| new strains arise, vaccine not stored properly, vaccine expired, vaccine not administered properly, vaccine mixed with another... |
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