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| Magazine, reached more and more people and exposed the corruption of politicians. "American life: capitalists, workingmen, politicians- all breaking the law, or letting it get broken" |
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| wrote the scathing “History of the Std. Oil Company” |
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| wrote “The Shame of Minneappolis” – corrupt partnership between business and politics. |
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| Teddy Roosevelt coined it to describe the practice of exposing the corruption of public and prominent figures. |
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| 1906- tackled meatpackers |
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| reflected worry about the state of society, the effects of industrialization and urbanization, social disorder, political corruption, and a host of other issues. Spirit of hopefulness and confidence in human progress, cure ills around them. |
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| New magazine that reflected the start of the new century- new art, new cinema, democracy, women, art immigration, morality, city, poetry, etc. |
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| production of automobiles, assembly-line system. |
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| - new model of Ford’s a four-cylinder, 20 horsepower, cost $850, 11,000 sold in the first year. Mass production, assembly-line style, continuous movement, quicker and quicker. |
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| multibillion dollar financial house – operated a network of control that ran from NYC to every other industrial and financial center in the nation. |
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| Interlocking directorates |
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| investment firms held directorships in many corporations, allowed it to control many businesses. |
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| Taylorism – an inventive mechanical engineer, strove to extract maximum efficiency from each worker, wrote “The Principles of Scientific Management” – |
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| Triangle Shirt Waist Company |
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| Factory in NY, burned down and many people died because employers locked the workers in, focused nationwide attention on unsafe working conditions. |
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| dynamic 29 year old organizer, founded the Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL) - told NYC’s civic and religious leaders that they had not done enough to prevent the fire that started in a seamstress company, and when meat-slicers cut their hands and what not, and they had not cared |
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| Women’s Trade Union League (WTUL) |
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| Urged workers to ignore business-sponsored English lessons because they didn’t tell the female worker the things she really needed to know. |
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| “The Principles of Scientific Management” |
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| proposed 2 major reforms. 1) management must take responsibility for job-related knowledge and classify it into rules, laws, and formulas. 2) management should control the workplace through enforced standardization of methods. |
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| rural free delivery, began in 1893, helped diminish farmers’ sense of isolated and changed farm life – exposed farmers to urban thinking, national advertising, and political events, more than 1 billion and magazines were delivered over these routes. |
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| 1913 – permitted the sending of packages through the U.S. mail. Mail order houses flourished, rural merchants suffered, 300 million packages mailed annually. |
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| under this act, the secretary of the interior formed the U.S. |
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| gathered a staff of 1000’s of engineers and technicians. |
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| Sheppard-Towner Maternity and Infancy Protection Act |
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| helped find maternity and pediatric clinics, demonstrated the increasing effectiveness of women reformers in the progressive era. |
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| national holiday was formally established in 1913. |
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| a nurse and outspoken social reformer, led a campaign to give physicians broad discretion in prescribing contraceptives. The federal Comstock law banned the interstate transport of contraceptive devices and information. |
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| Booker T. Washington’s gradualist approach – claimed for blacks every single right that belongs to a freeborn American – civil, political, and social - until we get those rights we will never cease to protest. |
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| W.E.B. DuBois- The Souls of Black Folk |
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| called for justice and equality. |
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| National Association for the Advancement of Colored People |
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| swiftly became the most important civil rights organization in the country, created in 1909 by both black and white reformers. Du Bois. |
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| temporary migrants – they moved both to and from their homelands, Italians commuted a lot, returning home every slack season, the outbreak of WW1 interrupted the practice and trapped thousands of Italians and others who had planned to return to Europe. |
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| U.S. government set up a special immigration facility in San Francisco Bay, Chinese were kept for weeks and months, examined before being allowed to cross the narrow band of water to SF. |
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| as the newcomers arrived from Asia, Europe, and Mexico, nativist sentiments intensified, they sneered at their dress and language, hostility. |
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| his American Federation of Labor increased in members up to 1.7 million, largest union organization, devoted to interests of skilled craftspeople, aimed partly at better wages and working conditions, and to limit entry into the crafts and protect worker prerogatives, resisted organizing women. |
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| Industrial Workers of the World (IWW) |
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| attracted the greatest attention and fears, it welcomed everyone regardless of race or gender, organized unskilled and foreign-born laborers too who worked in mass production industries. 1905, founded in Chicago, unite U.S. working class into one huge union to promote interests. |
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| William D. “Big Bill” Haywood |
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| one of its founders “our purpose to overthrow the capitalist system by force if necessary.” |
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| Mother Harris “Mother” Jones |
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| a famous veteran of battles in the Illinois coalfields |
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| – company textile mills, enormous complex of factories, warehouses, and machinery, resembled a medieval city, hired and fired at will, demanded relentless output, and wanted complete loyalty from workers, like a ‘family’, , they were low-paid but took pride in their work, asked for promotions for their family members, the company made a welfare and efficiency program which aimed to increase production, accustom immigrants to industrial work, instill loyalty, and curb labor unrest. Playgrounds, nurses, home-buying plans, cooking school, dental service. Monthly magazine and parties, from 1885-1919 no strikes, but overproduction and foreign competition forced it to close in 1935. |
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| National Collegiate Athletic Association |
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| Teddy Roosevelt called a conference to clean up college sports violence, founded the NCAA in 1910. |
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| D.W. Griffith - Birth of a Nation |
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| talented and creative director and racist, first movie spectacular, new film techniques, including close-ups, fade-outs, and artistic camera angles, and staged dramatic battle scenes. |
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| ornate mahogany – standard fixtures in middle-class parlors, record players. |
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| American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP) |
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| to protect musical rights and royalties. |
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| a Russian immigrant wrote “Alexander’s Ragtime Band” – sert off a nationwide dance craze. |
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| increasingly popular after 1900 – drew on the immigrant experience, voiced the variety of city life and included skits, songs, comics, acrobats, and magicians, women began to show their legs and midriff. |
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| Florenz Ziegfeld’s Follies |
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| Gertrude “Ma” Rainey / Bessie Smith |
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| – the daughter of minstrels, sang in black vaudeville for 35 years, she came across 12 year old smith, became ‘empress of the blues’ –huge and sweeping voice. |
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| Ferdinand “Jelly Roll” Morton / Louis Armstrong |
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| a pianist from New Orleans, and a trumpeter, improvisational music that had no formal name until it was called Jazz |
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| Anne of Green Gables & Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm |
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| showed continuing popularity of rural themes. |
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| Tom Swift Rover Boys Bobbsey Twins |
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| - westerns sold well but readers turned more and more to detectives and science fiction. Swift – spaceships, ray guns, future outlook. Stories for young readers, mass production. |
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| realist painter, they wanted to paint the truth, life as it happened – street scenes, colorful crowds, and slum children swimming. |
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| George W. Bellows Cliff Dwellers |
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| painting – captured color and excitement of the tenements. |
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| Henri’s most talented student – painted the vitality of ordinary people. |
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| 1913 – Picasso, Matisse, Van Gogh, dazed and dazzled American observers, critics attacked the show as worthless and depraved. |
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| changed the direction of 20th century art and influence adventuresome American painters. Max Weber, Georgia O’Keeffe, avant-garde, experimented with new forms – bold colors and abstract patterns. |
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| poet – daring ideas and verse |
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| published the classic ‘Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock’ – attacked by conservatives – poem, est. Eliot’s leadership among group of poets, rejected traditional meter and rhyme – capture fleeting images in verse. |
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| experimenting with new techniques in poetry. |
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| Wrote ‘Chicago’- celebrated vitality of city. |
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