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| Beginning with Windows ____, all Microsoft desktop operating systems recognize a wireless NIC without the need for any external software drivers. |
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| Most industry experts recommend one access point for no more than ____ users if they are performing basic e-mail, light Web surfing, and occasionally transferring medium-sized files. |
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| through the unused wires in a standard unshielded twisted pair (UTP) Ethernet cable |
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| How does an access point receive electrical power if it is mounted in a location that is not close to an electrical outlet? |
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| serves as the primary regulatory agency for wireless communications in the United States and its territorial possessions |
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| device that connects the computer to the network so that it can send and receive data |
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| device that combines wireless management and security in a single appliance |
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| type of solid-state (microchip) storage technology in which there are no moving parts |
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| common practices that the industry follows for various reasons, ranging from ease of use to tradition to what the majority of the users do |
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| small card that is functionally equivalent to a standard PCI expansion card |
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| standards that are controlled by an organization or body that has been entrusted with that task |
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| device that is used to connect two network segments together |
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| world’s largest technical professional society with members around the globe |
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What is the name for the computer network architecture standards developed by the IEEE?
Answer |
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| Which IEEE committee establishes standards for wireless wide area networks? |
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The 802.11b standard can support wireless devices that are up to ____ meters apart.
Answer |
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| The IEEE 802.11 standard outlines the use of ____ transmissions for WLANs. |
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| Remote wireless ____________________ are ideal solutions for connecting sites such as satellite offices, remote campus settings, or temporary office locations when the sites are separated by obstacles such as bodies of water, freeways, or railroads that make using a wired connection impractical or very expensive. |
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| CF cards consist of a small circuit board that contains flash memory chips and a dedicated controller chip |
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| they can open domestic markets in larger countries to overseas competition |
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| What is a disadvantage of standards? |
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| An access point has a(n) ____ wired network interface that allows it to connect by cable to a standard wired network |
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| The IEEE 802.11g draft was a compromise based on input from several different chip (microprocessor) manufacturers, who had a major stake in the outcome |
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| When a business is registered as a ____ they are qualified be placed in an online database of wireless hotspot locations |
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| Access points are typically mounted on a(n) ____________________ to reduce interference from surrounding objects. |
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| Only one type of wireless NIC is available for laptop computers. |
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| What is another name for a NIC? |
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| Microsoft Windows has become the ____ standard operating system today for personal desktop computers and network servers. |
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| If a remote wireless bridge is set to ____, it can only transmit to another bridge in root mode |
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| Which type of remote wireless bridge connection is used to connect multiple LAN segments together? |
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| The radio frequency spectrum is divided into ____ different sections or bands |
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| A loss of 10 decibels means that ____ percent of the power has been lost in mW. |
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| ____ can occur intentionally from an external power source that amplifies the signal, or unintentionally when an RF signal bounces off an object and combines with the original signal to amplify it. |
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| The maximum EIRP for IEEE 802.11b WLANs is ____ mW. |
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| Highly-directional antennas are generally concave dish-shaped devices. |
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| ____ modulation changes the number of waves representing one cycle. |
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| A ____ dipole antenna produces a flatter signal than a standard dipole antenna |
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| Which of the following types of wave is imperceptible? |
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| The term ____ describes the rate of electrical flow. |
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| A basic rule of thumb is that each 6 dB increase in EIRP results in a quadrupling of the transmission range (distance from the antenna), and a 6 dB reduction in EIRP translates into reducing the range by four |
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| Whenever a wave completes its trip and returns back to the starting point it has finished two cycles. |
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| Resistance is measured in ohms and the total amount of resistance is called the ____________________. |
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| A(n) ____________________ is a copper wire or similar device that has one end up in the air and the other end connected to the ground or a grounded device. |
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| Voltage Standing Wave Ratio |
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Definition
| Which type of RF loss is caused by the equipment transmitting the signal? |
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| RF power gain and loss on a relative scale are measured in ____________________ instead of mW |
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| What is the shape of a Fresnel zone? |
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| When an RF signal moves from one medium to another of a different density the signal actually bends instead of traveling in a straight line. This is known as ____. |
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| When a digital signal needs to be transmitted over an analog medium, such as when a computer needs to send digital signals over an analog telephone line or TV cable, a device known as a(n) ____ is used. |
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| voltage multiplied by the current |
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| orientation of the radio waves as they leave the antenna |
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| rate at which an event occurs |
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| bending caused by an object in the path of the transmission |
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| changes to a signal that can be made to enable it to carry information |
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| equal to current times resistance |
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| negative difference in amplitude between signals |
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| occurs when the RF signal comes in contact with elements in the air, such as rain or heavy dust particles |
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| In a wireless transmission data travels on invisible radio waves. |
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| ____________________ is defined as the positive difference in amplitude between two signals. |
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| it does not reveal what the loss is in relation to the whole |
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| What is a problem with measuring RF loss using a linear scale? |
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| Electromagnetic waves travel freely through space in all directions at the speed of light, or approximately ____ per second. |
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| A(n) ____________________ signal has numerous starts and stops throughout the signal stream. |
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| ____ antennas are used for long distance, point-to-point wireless links, such as connecting buildings that are up to 42 kilometers (25 miles) apart. |
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| Which of the following units is used to measure frequency? |
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| Which digital modulation technique is similar to frequency modulation? |
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| What is the free space loss (in dB) for IEEE 802.11b and 802.11g WLANs when the distance in meters is 100? |
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| Television uses three types of modulation. The video portion uses ____. |
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Definition
| The length of an antenna should be about ____ the wavelength. |
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| ____ polarization is typically used in wireless LANs with the dual antennas of access points pointing upward. |
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| DSSS uses a bit pattern called a ____ code. |
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| Narrowband transmissions require significant power for the signal to be transmitted because the signal must exceed the ____________________, or the total amount of outside interference, by a substantial margin. |
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| The amount of time that a transmission occurs on a specific frequency is called the ____________________ time. |
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| Because a device must wait to transmit until it receives the last reflected signal, this in effect puts a ceiling limit on the overall speed of the WLAN. What is the current ceiling for WLAN speed? |
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| The _________________________ Protocol defines a set of specifications for wireless data and voice communications around the home. |
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| IEEE has divided the ____ layer into two sublayers: Logical Link Control (LLC) and Media Access Control (MAC). |
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| Into which layers are WLAN features isolated by IEEE standards? |
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| complementary code keying |
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Definition
| The ____ coding technique consists of a set of 64 8-bit code words. |
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| Users can upgrade from an 802.11b network to a faster 802.11g network simply by replacing the ____________________. |
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| interference from another radio signal |
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Definition
| What is a disadvantage of narrowband transmissions? |
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| ____ signals by nature transmit on only one frequency or a very narrow portion of the frequencies. |
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| What is the top layer of the OSI reference model? |
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| According to FCC regulations, all FHSS systems in the 900 MHz band must change frequencies through 50 channels and cannot spend more than ____ on one frequency each 20 seconds. |
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| Increasing the speed of the WLAN will cause shorter delays in waiting for reflections |
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| The Physical Layer Convergence Procedure (PLCP) standards for 802.11b are based on ____. |
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| direct sequence spread spectrum |
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Definition
| uses an expanded redundant code to transmit each data bit |
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| frequency hopping spread spectrum |
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| uses a range of frequencies that change during the transmission |
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| transmits a secondary copy along with the primary information |
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| sends signals to the network or receives signals from the network |
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| quadrature phase shift keying |
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Definition
| can double the amount of data encoded over PSK to 250 Kbps per channel, which produces a 12 Mbps (250 Kbps x 48) data rate |
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| ensures that error-free data is given to the user |
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| two channels are combined (one for sending data and the other for receiving) to provide the necessary frequency for the higher speeds |
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| orthogonal frequency division multiplexing |
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Definition
| sending multiple signals at the same time |
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| picks the route packets take and handles addressing of packets for delivery |
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Definition
| The 802.11b standard specifies ____ frequencies that can be used, beginning at 2.412 GHz. |
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Definition
| The ____ field of an 802.11a frame consists of 10 repetitions of a short training sequence signal and two repetitions of a long training sequence signal. |
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| Bluetooth divides the 2.4 GHz frequency into ____ different frequencies spaced 1 GHz apart. |
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| Of the 52 subchannels, 32 are used for standard transmissions and 20 are used for FEC transmissions. |
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Definition
| Although 54 Mbps is the “official” top speed of 802.11a, the IEEE specification also allows for higher speeds. These higher speeds are known as ____________________ mode or 2X mode. |
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| ____ is not part of a frame. |
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| When using the Shared Wireless Access Protocol, devices can be as far as 45 meters (150 feet) apart and can send and receive data at rates up to ____ Mbps. |
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Definition
| Which system is preferred for 802.11b WLANs? |
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| The value of layers in the OSI reference model is that it divides networking into a series of tasks, and then illustrates how those tasks relate to each other. |
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Definition
| In FHSS, the amount of time needed to move from one frequency to another is the ____ time. |
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| When was the concept used by FHSS technology developed? |
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| When transmitting with FHSS, if interference is encountered on a particular frequency then that part of the signal will be retransmitted on the previous frequency of the hopping code. |
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| signals are broken up and the parts are sent in parallel |
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Definition
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| Because wireless technology has advanced at such a rapid pace, the earliest WLANs are now essentially obsolete. |
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| Which layer of the OSI reference model permits the devices on the network to hold ongoing communications across the network? |
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