Term
| Arian Controversy (325-361) pt. 2 |
|
Definition
| Somewhat a misnomer. Arius virtually gone from the scene. The ensuing theological discussions were more a search for an agreed definition of faith than a constant controversy. Constantius was an Arianizer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Constantine's rule was divided on his death: |
|
Definition
| between his three sons: Constantine II recieved Spain, the Gauls, and Britain; Constans received Africa, Italy and Illyricum; and Constantius II received the East. After 340, Constans took over all the west. In 350, Constantius took over it all. He was an Arianizer |
|
|
Term
Eusebius, bishop of Nicomedia
Athanasius |
|
Definition
Post-Nicene Leader of Arian Sympathizers.
Bishop of Alexandria in 328.
opposers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more a triumph of anti-arianism than pro-alexandrian. most christians had no clear views on the Trinity. So there was an anti-Nicene reaction that appeared |
|
|
Term
| Positions on the Relation of the Son to the Father |
|
Definition
Homoousians--The Son is of the same substance with the Father.
Homoiousians--the Son is of similar substance to the Father
Homoeans--the Son is like the Father
Anomoeans--the Son is unlike the Father |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Bishope of Rome (337-352). Declared eastern banishments illegal (ie: banishment of Athenasius in 341) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
B. 300 in Alexandria.
succeeded Alexander as bishop in 328.
Fought Arianism: important that Jesus be seen as fully divine. |
|
|
Term
| Arian Controversy (361-381), pt. 3 |
|
Definition
| Julian the Apostate (361-63)--tried to revive paganism. Valentiniat I (364-75) was Catholic by believed government shouldn't interfere with dogma. Theodosius I (east)--called Council of Constantinople in 381 |
|
|
Term
| Four Theological issues confronting church leaders during 3rd Arian phase |
|
Definition
1. The theological authority of the Council of Nicaea
2. The semantic problem (ousia and hypostasis)
3. The core problem of unity and distinction in the Godhead
4. The place of the Holy Spirit. |
|
|
Term
| 4 leaders emerged in settlement of Arian crisis |
|
Definition
| Athanasius, Hilary of Poitiers (both homoousians) and Basil of Caesaria and Basil of Ancyra (both homoiousians. |
|
|
Term
| Cappadocian church fathers |
|
Definition
| Basil of Caesarea, Gregory of Nazianzus, and Gregory of Nyssa. Sometimes called the Neonicenes. |
|
|
Term
| Council of Constantinople |
|
Definition
| Reaffirmed homoousios. Bishop of Constantinople prerogative after Rome. |
|
|
Term
| Organization of the Church |
|
Definition
| Growth of this in 4th century. Bishop of a city was expected to call together his clergy several times a year--a diocesan or parochial council. Also, the Holy Synod of Constantinople established. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
statements of faith
decisions in regard to organizational, disciplinary, or procedural matters. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Golden AGe of Patristic Literature |
|
Definition
| From Nicaea to Chalcedon. 325-451 |
|
|
Term
| Major writers and thinkers of the period |
|
Definition
Augustin (Latin West) and Cappadocians (Greek East).
Catholics recognize: Latin: Ambrose, Jerome, Augustine, and Gregory the Great and Greek: Athanasius, Gregory of Nazianzus, Basil the Great, and John CHrysostom. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cappadocian. foremost among. pioneered establishing Christian benevolent institutions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cappadocian. the greatest orator of his day. but his distinguished in the Orthodox tradition by the designation "The Theologian". Characterized by a succession of flights from and returns to the world. Didn't want to be ordained. was anyway. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cappadocian. remembered as the philosphical theologian of them. effected a synthesis of Greek philosophy and Christian theology. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| b. 347 in Antioch. mother was widowed but rather than remarrying, devoted herself to John's flourishing. Greatest of the Christian pulpit orators and expositors. Chrysostom means Golden Mouth. Lived as a monk for awhile. Ordained as bishop of Constantiople. Theophilus of Alexandria opposed his Antiochine school of thought and sought his destruction. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| classic writer of the Syriac-speaking church. defended essential mystery of God. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a doctor of the church in special reference to his teaching on the proper relationship of church and state. an able preacher whose expositions aided in Augustine's conversion. bishop of Milan in 374 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| native of Aquileia, studied in Rome. set up a double monastery for men and women at jerusalem with Melania. Became presbyter in Aquileia in 399. bitter controversy with Jerome. over orthodoxy of Origen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| peevish and ill-tempered. Withdrew as a hermit to desert and learned Hebrew. Set up dual monestery with Paula. Translated the the Bible into Latin: called the Vulgate. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Tributaries of Christian monasticism: Jewish, Pagan, Eastern, New Testament, Secular, Christian asceticism. Early asceticism didn't regard matter as evil, but adopted self-denial as the renunciation of the good in pursuit of a higher life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a solitary man, one who lived alone, one who withdraws, from the word for a deserted region |
|
|
Term
| cenobitic or communal model of monasticism |
|
Definition
| where a group of monks lived, prayed, and worked together iunder a superior, a model developed by Pachomius |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| individual monks lived an isolated and austere life of spiritual sturggle in prayer and meditation. typified by Anthony |
|
|
Term
| and intermediate form of monasticism |
|
Definition
| where a loosely organized group of small settlements of 2 to 6 persons in close proximity looked to a common spiritual leader, a type pioneered by Ammun. A laura is similar--most famous is Saba. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lived on a platform atop a column. Symeon Stylites was the most famous. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Military life--soldiers against evil, Martyr--sacrifice for the Lord, Demonic--dealt with great demonic warfare, Angelic--tried to live like them anticipating paradise, Gnostic--imitation of God, knowing God intellectually and experientially, Philosphic--asceticism of Greek philosphy, Baptismal--new birth, Eschatological--their caves were their paradise |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exemplar for hermits. Athanasius wrote Life of Anthony |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| monasteries were developed in connection with villages as an extension of earlier form of asceticism, later expanding to desert areas--leader among cenobites. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
*founded semieremitic communities of cells of hermits
*writings represent indigenization of monasticism among native Copts in Egypt. |
|
|
Term
Evagrius of Pontus
Basil of Caesarea |
|
Definition
*philosophical theorist of the monastic life
*practical theorist of monasticism |
|
|
Term
Ammun
Shenoute
Evagrius of Pontus |
|
Definition
*founded semieremitic communities of cells of hermits
*writings represent indigenization of monasticism among native Copts in Egypt.
*philosophical theorist of the monastic life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Western Champion of Monasticism who went East
Eastern Champion of Monasticism who went West (If Benedict is the father of Western Monasticism, Cassian is the grandfather) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sent by the apostle Thomas, converted King Abgar of Osrhoene, whose capital was Edessa |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Known as the "Persian Sage". Syrian literary culture flourished during the fourth century. He wrote on Christian doctrine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. Emphasis on Schools
2. A Missionary Thrust--to India and China
3. Asceticism
4. Doctrinal Separation from Greek and Latin Churches |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| persecution because of enemy Constantine's urging to their emperor on their behalf. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1st country as a nation to accept Christianity.
Gregory the Illuminator converted the kind and religion spread down the aristocracy to people. "catholicos"--head of Armenian church. Translation of Scripture began from Syriac 415 and Greek 435 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Evangelized from Armenia. Nino, a Christian slave girl healed the queen Nana of a serious illness, she was converted and the King Mirian after. Bible Translation in 5th and 6th centries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| developed Armenian and possible Georgian alphabets. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Frumentius and Edesuis, survivors of a ship wreck, were made slaves. when they returned to, Frumentius was ordainded by Athanasius and he went back to evangelize. 350AD--King Ezana was baptized. Had 81 books in canon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| taking over pagan practices and ceremonies to replace with Christian counterparts |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
318--constantine let church receive legacies.
341--Constantius II prohibited pagan sacrifice
Gratian--renounced title Pontifex Maximus, removed altar of Victory from Senate house
Theodosius I--official religion-380, depriving heretics-381, forbade private pagan worship-391-92
Theodosius II--antisemitism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| veneration for the saints expressed traditionally |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| shrines or church buildings set up over tombs of martyrs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 348--Cyril of Jerusalm. No one was allowed to witness the mysteries of baptism and the eucharist, or hear them described until the time of initiation. administered Easter. Great Intercession--prayer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| derived from Latin for "oath" Baptism, Eucharist, and Chrism (oil of annointing) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 4th century began to speak of transubstantiaiton. Sacrificial ideas associated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| presbyters were priests, above deacons. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Easter--1st sunday after first full moon after spring equinox.
Christmans--western feast celebrated first in Rome in second quarter of forth century. influenced by sun cult. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A Universal Council--Empire-wide council |
|
|
Term
| Different perceptions of ecumenicy |
|
Definition
Evangelicals: First 4 Councils
Greek Orthodox: First 7
Roman Catholic: First 21, up to Vatican II 1962-1965 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. The council of Nicaea I, 325AD
2. The Council of Constantinople I, 381AD
3. The Council of Ephesus, 431AD
4. The Council of Chalcedon, 451AD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 325. Issue was Arianism: Dealt with Trinitarian theology. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 381, Resolving the Arian crisis. Basil of Ceaseria and other Cappodocian Fathers worked out a relational understanding of Trinitarian Orthodoxy. Reaffirmed Nicaea |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 431, Nestorius called this council, but by the end of the council was excommunicated. Concerned with Christology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 451, Establishes 2 natures of Christ as not divided, but united by a hypostatic union. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| closed the time of the patristic age in 451 because orthodoxy was established. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1054--the final division between east adn west. Filioque Clause--the main issue. Mostly a political and cultural divide of people not understanding each other. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1st 2: Trinitarianism
2nd 2: Christology |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jesus was not God. But a man upon whome the Spirit of God rested. Attempt to explain in terms of Jewish Law. Kept Jewish Law. Jesus fulfilled the Law and we should be little Christs and also fulfill the law. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Jesus was not a man. Jesus was a god who appeared in human form. explained in terms of paganism. |
|
|
Term
| 2nd century attempts and understanding Trinity relationships |
|
Definition
| Most fail on the side of Unitarianism (no separatin between persons of the Godhead. Jewish Monotheism understanding) or Tritheism (three Gods. polytheistic understanding). But at lest they acknowledged the Incarnation (God became man). This is progress |
|
|
Term
| Adoptionist or Dynamic Monarchianism |
|
Definition
| Jesus was adopted by God at baptism a mere man on whom the power of God rested. Theodous the Tanner, Artemon, and paul of Samosata taught this. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No differentiation between members of Trinity. Says God suffered on the cross (Patripassianism). Offensive to Church fathers. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Synonomous with Monarchianism. God unfolds himself as the Father, as the Son in Jesus, as the HS in different times in history. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The way that God has revealed himself to in His ordained plan in creation. That way happens to be in teh Father, Son and HS...the way He relates to Creation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The way that GOd is in himself outside of creation. The way He exists in and of HImself. Is the Trinity the way He is in and of himself or is that he shadow he cast on reality now. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The Son is Not the Father, the Spirit is Not the Son and the Father is not the Spirit. Yet all three are God. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The doctrine that the son was a created being. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| main opponent to Arianism. Only God Saves. Jesus Saves. Jesus is God. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Constantine calls the council because the bishops Arius and Alexander cannot resolve their problems. 300 bishops. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| was present and opened the ceremonies. urged everyone to get along |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| held by Alexander of Alexandria. Homoousios--means of the same substance. A minority view at the beginning of the council. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| held by Eusabius of Cesaerea. Majority view. homoiousios |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Held by Arois of Alexandria. Heteroousios |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Patron Saint of France. 316-397. Martin became a catechumen (one who studied Christian doctrine for 3 yrs. before converting). Monastery founded in Gaul served as center for evangelsm. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 12 feet of writings to Paul's one inch. Or, Mt. Everest to 200 feet. b. 354. Most importatn theologian in history. Father of the spiritual autobiograpy. called "the first modern man" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Augustine: Primary Theologian
Jerome: Primary Biblical Scholar
John Chrysostom: Primary Preacher/Orator |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| more prominently dualistic that gnosticism. Answered the problem of evil. Augustine converted out of this sect so it was one of the first things he wrote about. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Great persecution under Diocletian. the worst persecution. he burned BIbles. Lots of apostasy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The sacrament flows through the message. the message is the medium. the saraments will not be effectual if your minister is an apostate. Augustine argues that teh sacraments are effectual not because of hte holiness of the minister but because of the grace of Christ. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Man did not inheirit sins of Adam. man has free will. you could choose to be good. Augustine was teh godfather of ORiginal Sin. Man's will is not free before conversion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Prefall: Man could choose not to sin.
Present: Man can not choose not to sin.
Eternal: Man will not be able to choose to sin. |
|
|
Term
| Chrysostom, Education and Conversion |
|
Definition
| 347-370. Anthusa, his mother refused to remarry to further her son's ed. Libanius, pagan rhetoric teacher said "What women these Christian's have" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 370 to 81. Turned his house into a monastery because his mother wanted him to wait until she died to start his monastic career. Basil, his friend became a monk at the same time until John sold him out to become a bishop. |
|
|
Term
| Chrysostom, Priest of Antioch |
|
Definition
| 381-398. Preaches against weal. Urged people to repent over smashing Theodosius's statue. But, he also said things against the granduer of the governemnt |
|
|
Term
| Chrysostom, bishop of Constantinople |
|
Definition
| 398-404. John helped Ephesus with their struggle against Simony--buying ecclesiastical power. Eudoxia was the empoer that finally killed John. Theophilus, his old rival, accused him of being like Origen. |
|
|
Term
| Chrysostom, Exile ad Death |
|
Definition
| 404-407. Sermon on SIlome that got him exiled. 3 year after Synod of the Oak is when he died. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The way the church fathers interpreted the Scritpures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Alexandrian School: (Allegorical)
Antiochene School: (Literal) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Pantaenus founded it. Clement was next leader. Works: Protepticus (exhortation to the greeks), Paedogogos (Chist the Educator) Stromata (Misc.). Origen, next. 3 meanings of Scrpiture: Literal, Spiritual, Moral. Origen becomes synonymous with allegorical. Origen condemned in 529. So Didymas the Blind took over after. condemned in 553. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not even a real school of though cause it lacked consistency. Literal Reading of the Text. agreed against Diodorus of Tarsus. Theodore of Mopsuestia!! John Chrysostom. Jerome. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| 1st Christian Latin Author. Hippolytus was the last Christian Western writer to write in Greek. Very Extreme. |
|
|
