Term
| Malthus (on production and reproduction) |
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Definition
| believed that population would always increase more rapidly than the food supply; in fact, he believed that population growth would tend to rise faster than any conceivable rise in productivity, thereby dooming a large portion of humanity to perpetual poverty, hunger, and misery. (THIS IS FALSE) |
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Term
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Definition
| has proposed an alternative view that holds that food production tends to rise to the level demanded by population growth. As population expands and the point of diminishing returns is reached, people invent or adopt new and more efficient modes of food production. |
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Term
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Definition
| often leads to intensification, diminishing returns, and irreversible environmental depletions, which lead to new technologies and new modes of production. |
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Term
| Population growth vs. population pressure |
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Definition
Population growth is birthrate minus mortality, not counting migration in and out of a territory.
Population pressure refers to pressure on resources that forces people to work harder to obtain the same amount of food. |
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Term
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Definition
| begins with neglect and underinvestment - inadequate feeding, withholding emotional support, and careless and indifferent handling, especially when the infant is sick. |
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Term
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Definition
| involves deliberate killing - starvation, dehydration, smothering, placing a child in a dangerous situation, or performing excessive physical punishment. |
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Term
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Definition
| (disruption of the menstrual cycle) is a typical accompaniment of breastfeeding and serves as another form of birth control. |
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Term
| Children among hunters and gatherers |
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Definition
| more children, more problems (burden in carrying them, can't produce food for a while, wild food is in limited supply). |
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Term
| Children among agricultural societies |
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Definition
| more children means a higher standard of living in the short run because they produce more than they consume. |
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Term
| Children among urban industrial societies |
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Definition
| people invest in fewer children as they are expensive and typical children's tasks have been eliminated. |
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