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Definition
| the study of humankind. Five areas of study: cultural anthropology, archaeology, anthropological linguistics, physical anthropology, and applied anthropology. |
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| Cultural anthropology (or social anthropology) |
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Definition
| deals with the description and analysis of cultures - the socially learned traditions of the past and present ages. |
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| is a firsthand description of a living culture based on personal observation. |
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| examines the material remains of past cultures left behind on or below the surface of the earth. |
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| Anthropological linguistics |
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Definition
| is the study if the great variety of languages spoken by human beings. It is concerned with the way language influences and is influenced by other aspects of human life. Also studies the relationship between the evolution and change of cultures and the evolution and change of languages. |
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| Physical anthropology (or biological anthropology) |
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Definition
| connects the other anthropological fields to the study of animal origins. Also attempts to reconstruct the course of human evolution by studying the fossil remains of ancient human and humanlike species. |
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Definition
| uses the findings of cultural, archeological, linguistic, and biological studies to solve practical problems affecting the health, education, security, and prosperity of human beings in many cultural settings. |
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Definition
| an approach that assumes that any single aspect of culture is integrated with other aspects, so that no single dimension of culture can be understood in isolation. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to firsthand experience with the people being studied. It involves integration into a community through long-term residence and knowledge of the local language and customs while maintaining the role of observer. |
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| are the data collected by anthropologists. |
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Term
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Definition
| rely entirely on research subjects as sources of knowledge. |
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| places the ethnographer at the scene where a combination of direct observation and interviewing provides the evidence from which ethnographic accounts are constructed. |
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Term
| Direct systematic behavior observations |
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Definition
| refer to the study of activity patterns that show patterns of action and interaction of the people we study. Systematic observation is structured by explicit rules: who we observe, where and when we observe them, what we observe, and how we record our observations. |
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Term
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Definition
| is the feeling of anxiety and disorientation that develops in an unfamiliar situation when there is confusion about how to behave or what to expect. |
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Definition
| are people through whom the anthropologist learns about the culture through observation and by asking questions. |
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| is a study of a particular topic or problem in more than one culture, using a comparative approach (the comparison of ethnographic information from two or more cultures). |
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| aims to describe and interpret each culture on its own terms; it believes comparisons distort the unique qualities of a given culture. |
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Definition
| aim to explain cultural differences and similarities, it believes that regularities exist across cultures and can be discovered trough empirical data collection and systematic comparison. |
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Definition
| society cannot diverge from one line of development. |
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Term
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Definition
| all societies and cultures will eventually evolve from simple to complex. |
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Term
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Definition
| all peoples of the world were once "civilized" people and because of God's curse some of them were degenerated to their present status, thus they will never get to be civilized again. |
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Term
| Anthropology as a separated discipline originated |
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Definition
| in the late 19th century as western colonialists, travelers, and missionaries began to write about the beliefs and customs of the indigenous people they came across. |
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Term
| Sir Edward Burnett Tylor (3) |
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Definition
| Primitive Culture; unilinear evolution; from Great Britain |
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Term
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Definition
| first American cultural anthropologist; established the first anthropology department at Columbia University in 1896; cultural relativism; against Tylor and Morgan and unilinear evolutionary theory; historical particularism |
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Term
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Definition
| Polish; Argonauts of the Western Pacific; fieldwork in Trobriand Islands |
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Term
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Definition
| Ancient Society; American; lower/middle/upper status of savagery to lower/middle/upper status of barbarism to civilization. |
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