Term
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Definition
| primary means of human communication, spoken and written |
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Term
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Definition
| communication systems of nonhuman primates |
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Term
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Definition
| transmission through learning basic language |
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Term
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Definition
| creating new expressions that are comprehensible to other speakers |
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Term
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Definition
| describing things and events that are not present, basic to language |
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Term
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Definition
| study of communication through body movements and facial expressions |
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Term
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Definition
| study of a language's phonetics and phonemics |
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Term
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Definition
| study of morpheme and word construction |
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Term
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Definition
| vocabulary, all the morphemes in a language and their meanings |
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Term
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Definition
| arrangement of words and phrses in sentences |
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Term
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Definition
| smallest sound contrast that distinguishes meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| study of speech sounds--what people actually say |
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Term
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Definition
| study of sound contrasts (phonemes) in a language |
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Term
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Definition
| Idea that different languages produce different patterns of thought. |
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Term
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Definition
| language's meaning system |
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Term
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Definition
| set of words describing particular domains of experience |
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Term
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Definition
| study of lexical categories and contrasts |
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Term
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Definition
| varying one's speech in different social situations |
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Term
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Definition
| language with high and low dialects (formal and informal) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Black English Vernacular, dialect spoken by some African Americans |
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Term
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Definition
| languages sharing a common parent language |
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Term
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Definition
| language ancestral to several daughter languages |
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Term
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Definition
| closely related languages |
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Term
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Definition
| one among several culturally distinct groups in a society or region |
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Term
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Definition
| identification with an ethnic group |
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Term
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Definition
| based on little or no choice |
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Term
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Definition
| based on choices or accomplishments |
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Term
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Definition
| position that determines where someone fits into society |
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Term
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Definition
| assigning organisms to categories based on common ancestry |
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Term
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Definition
| ethnic group assumed to have a biological basis |
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Term
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Definition
| organism's evident or manifest biological traits |
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Term
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Definition
| social identity based on ancestry |
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Term
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Definition
| children assigned to same group as minority parent |
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Term
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Definition
| class structured with differences in wealth, prestige, and power. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ethnic groups that have had, have, or want their own country |
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Term
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Definition
| society sharing a language, religion, history, territory, ancestry, and kinship |
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Term
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Definition
| stratified society with formal central government |
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Term
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Definition
| long term foreign domination of a territory and its people |
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Term
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Definition
| absorption of minorities within a dominant culture |
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Term
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Definition
| society with economically independent ethnic groups |
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Term
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Definition
| cultural diversity is valuable and worth having |
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Term
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Definition
| devaluing a group because of its assumed attributes |
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Term
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Definition
| fixed ideas about what members of a group are like |
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Term
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Definition
| policies and practices that harm a group and its members |
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Term
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Definition
| deliberate elimination of a group through mass murder |
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Term
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Definition
| destruction of cultures of certain ethnic groups |
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Term
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Definition
| internal domination by one group and its culture or ideology over others |
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Term
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Definition
| people who flee a country to escape persecution or war |
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Term
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Definition
| means of making a living, productive system |
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Term
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Definition
| association, when one variable changes, another does too |
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Term
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Definition
| basic social unit among foragers, fewer than 100 people and may split seasonally |
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Term
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Definition
| non industrial plant cultivation with fallowing |
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Term
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Definition
| cultivation using land and labor continuously and intensively |
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Term
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Definition
| continuum of land and labor use |
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Term
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Definition
| herders of domesticated animals |
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Term
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Definition
| annual movement of entire pastoral group with herds |
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Term
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Definition
| only part of the population moves seasonally with herds |
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Term
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Definition
| system of resource production, redistribution, and consumption |
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Term
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Definition
| specific set of social relations that organizes labor |
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Term
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Definition
| major productive resources: land, labor, technology, capital |
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Term
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Definition
| allocation of scarce means among alternative ends |
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Term
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Definition
| small-scale farmer with rent fund obligations |
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Term
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Definition
| buying, selling, and valuation based on supply and demand |
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Term
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Definition
| flow of goods into center, then back out, characteristic of chiefdoms |
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Term
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Definition
| principle governing exchanges among social equals |
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Term
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Definition
| runs from generalized to negative |
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Term
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Definition
| exchanges among closes related individuals |
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Term
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Definition
| between generalized and negative, equal goods are expected back usually withing a certain period of time |
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Term
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Definition
| potentially hostile exchanges among strangers |
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Term
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Definition
| Competitive feast on NW coast of NA |
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Term
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Definition
| food producing society with rudimentary political structure |
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Term
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Definition
| legal code of a state society, with trial and enforcement |
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Term
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Definition
| local tribal leader with limited authority |
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Term
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Definition
| generous tribal entrepreneur with multivillage support |
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Term
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Definition
| nonkin based group with regional political sognificance |
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Term
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Definition
| unisex political group, includes everyone born within a certain time span |
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Term
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Definition
| permanent political position |
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Term
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Definition
| favored access to resources by superordinates over subordinates |
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Term
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Definition
| all of a person's material assets, basis of economic status |
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Term
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Definition
| ability to control others |
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Term
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Definition
| esteem, respect, approval |
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Term
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Definition
| maintaining social norms and regulating conflict |
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Term
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Definition
| subordinates accept hierarchy as "natural" |
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Term
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Definition
| open, public interactions between dominators and the oppressed. |
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Term
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Definition
| hidden resistance by dominance, by the oppressed |
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Term
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Definition
| marked differences in male and female biology, beyond breasts and genitals |
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Term
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Definition
| tasks and activities that culture assigns to each sex |
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Term
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Definition
| oversimplified, strongly held views about males and females |
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Term
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Definition
| unequal distribution of resources between men and women |
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Term
| domestic-public dichotomy |
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Definition
| work at home versus more values work outside |
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Term
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Definition
| descent traced through women only |
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Term
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Definition
| descent traced through men only |
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Term
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Definition
| married couple lives in husband's community |
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Term
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Definition
| married couple lives with wife's community |
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Term
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Definition
| mother centered, household with no father |
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Term
| patrilineal-patrilocal complex |
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Definition
| male supremacy based on patrilineality, patrilocality, and warfare |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| political system ruled by men |
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Term
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Definition
| sexual attraction to persons of the opposite, same, or either sex |
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