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Definition
| Foraging, Pastoralism, Horticulture, Agriculture, Industrialism. |
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| More surplus. Tends to only focus on one type of food. Sedentary. |
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| The comprehensive and holistic study of human kind’s present and past biological, linguistic, social and cultural variations. |
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Definition
| Learned, Shared, Symbolic, Naturalized, Integrated, Dynamic |
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Definition
| The socially approved use of power. |
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Definition
| Egalitarian in terms of power and authority. No political offices. Don't need leaders because small group, subsistence economy (little surplus), and no notion of private ownership/territory. |
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Definition
| kin-based structure with permanent political institutions. |
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Definition
| Defined the task and work as producing thick description. |
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Definition
| The comparative, cross-cultural study of present-day human societies and cultures. |
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Term
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Definition
| Understanding and interpreting a particular social practice only within its cultural context. (You try to see how it fits into their lives, worldview, beliefs, but it doesn't mean that you find it harmonious with your own life) |
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Term
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Definition
| The system of meanings about the nature of experience that are shared by a people and passed on from one generation to another. |
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Definition
| The anxiety & uncertainty of operating within a different and unknown cultural environment |
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Definition
| Observing from a distance. |
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Definition
| The specialization of labor to become more productive. |
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Definition
| Having equal chance at economic resource and prestige for men, women, adults and children. |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| the process by which a person learns the requirements of the culture by which he or she is surrounded, and acquires values and behaviours that are appropriate or necessary in that culture |
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Definition
Thinking that there is only one proper wayt o do things- one's own culture's way of doing things.
That this way of doing things is superior to all others. |
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Definition
| The task of discovering and describing a particular culture |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| The cultural knowledge you can talk about. |
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Term
| Horticulturalism (Slash and burn) |
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Definition
| No private property of land, high yield, move every 20-30 years to let soil become fertile, population may be sedentary. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gathering food and hunting for meat. There's a balance between hunting and gathering. Less work per week. |
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Definition
| Production based on manufacturing. |
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Definition
| A term coined by Sherry Ortner to identify metaphors that dominate the meanings that people in a specific culture attribute to their experience. |
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Definition
| A symbolic system of cultural knowledge that humans use to generate and understand speech. |
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Definition
| Postulated a theory of human development in which human societies evolved through savagery, barbarism and civilization. |
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Term
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Definition
| A biologist that put animals into groups. |
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Definition
| The exchange between strangers. No connection |
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Term
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Definition
| Take language from one domain of experience and apply it to another domain. It extends language from one domain to the other, but it also extends meaning. |
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Term
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Definition
| The smallest unit of meaning. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of word formation and structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thinking that human nature is pretty much the same for the entire world. |
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Definition
| more worthy and authentically noble than the civilized man. Tarzan. uncorrupted and unencumbered by social morals of civilization. |
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Term
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Definition
| Observing by participating in their informants' everyday lives. |
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Term
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Definition
| Type of agriculture that includes the domestication of animals and raising them. |
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Term
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Definition
| Smallest unit of speech sound. "b" in bat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Study of sounds and their ordering. |
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Definition
| major force behind changes in subsistence strategies. Made cultures progress. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to exercise one's will over another. |
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Term
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Definition
| The idea that life was better or more moral during the early stages of mankind or among primitive peoples and has deteriorated with civilization. |
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Term
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Definition
| the act of making products (goods and services) |
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Term
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Definition
| forward or onward movement toward a destination. |
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Definition
| Putting different races into different groups and stereotyping them. |
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Definition
| Aims at deciphering the meanings embedded in and conveyed through language, objects, gestures and activities that are shared by members of a society |
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Definition
| The transfer of goods and services based on role obligations. |
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Definition
| The transfer of goods and services between a central collection source and a social group. |
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Definition
| The experiences and understandings of a culture are constrained because they can only be expressed in ways which its language allows. |
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Definition
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Definition
| The study of the categories and rules for relating vocal symbols to their referents. |
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Definition
| More territorial, has a bureaucracy, and has an army/police force backing up ruling class. Organized with formal political institutions |
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Term
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Definition
| Kinds of labor and techniques employed by people to meet their material needs. |
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Term
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Definition
| something, such as an object, gesture, picture, or word that stands for something else. |
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Term
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Definition
| Anything that we can perceive with our senses that stand for something else. A kind of sign which denotes its object solely by the virtue of the fact that it will be interpreted to do so. |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of sentence structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cultural knowledge that people lack words for. You learn it mostly by practice, imitation and observation. |
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Term
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Definition
| Describing the richness of meanings around cultural acts. This involves the careful interpretation of observed events in a larger socio-cultural context. |
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Term
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Definition
| Village that lacks means to enforce political decisions |
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