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| A defect in an argument arising from some source other than merely false premises |
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| A kind of logic in which the fundamental components are whole statements or propositions |
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| A fallacy that can be identified through mere inspection of the form or structure of an argument |
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| An informal fallacy that occurs when a general conclusion is drawn from atypical specific cases |
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| A syllogism in which all three statements are categorical propositions |
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| A group of statements, one or more of which (the premises) are claimed to provide support for, or reasons to believe, one of the others (the conclusion) |
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| A valid argument form/ rule of inference: ‘‘ If p then q / not q // not p, ’’ |
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| The science that evaluates arguments |
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| An inductive inference that proceeds from knowledge of a cause to a claim about the effect, or from knowledge of an effect to a claim about the cause |
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| A definition intended to report the way a word is actually used in a language; |
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Definition
| An informal fallacy that occurs when a general conclusion is drawn from atypical specific cases |
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Definition
| A syllogism in which all three statements are categorical propositions |
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Definition
| A kind of logic that combines the symbolism of propositional logic with symbols used to translate predicates |
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| An argument in which the premises are claimed to support the conclusion in such a way that it is impossible for the premises to be true and the conclusion false |
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| A variety of the appeal- to- the people fallacy that occurs when the arguer plays on the reader’s or listener’s need to feel part of a group |
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Term
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Definition
| An arrangement of words and letters such that the uniform substitution of terms or statements in place of the letters results in an argument; an arrangement of statement variables and operators such that the uniform substitution of statements in place of the variables results in an argument |
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Definition
| A valid rule of inference that allows tildes to be moved inside and outside of parentheses |
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Definition
| An informal fallacy that is committed when an arguer presents two nonjointly exhaustive alternatives as if they were jointly exhaustive and then eliminates one, leaving the other as the conclusion |
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| A fallacy that occurs when the arguer diverts the attention of the reader or listener by addressing a number of extraneous issues and ends by presuming that some conclusion has been established |
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