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| The theory that history develops neither in a random fashion nor in a linear one but instead as a struggle between contradictions that ultimately find resolution in synthesis of the two sides (class conflicts lead to new social systems) |
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| The shared beliefs and values held in an unquestionable manner by a culture. |
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| The struggle for political and economic power carried on between capitalists and workers. Also, conflict between different classes resulting from different social or economic positions and reflecting opposed interests. |
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"The Owners"
Own the property and therefore, control the means of production. |
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The Working Class.
Their labour produces wealth for bourgeoise. They are co-dependant and exploitative. |
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| Economic system in which the means of production or base are privately owned by individuals or corporations to competitively produce goods and services for the public. |
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Communist Manifesto (1848)
Capital (1867) |
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"The Origins of the Family, Private Property, and the State" (1884).
Evolution of human society.
From primitive communism, feudalism, capitalism, then to industrial communication. |
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| Law, politics, philosophy, religions, and art of culture. |
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The way in which people are turned into commodities (something of advantage or value) useful in market exchange.
Example: Media coverage of tragedies. |
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| Valuing material things not for their usefulness, but for their power to impress others (sign value). |
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| Extreme focus on material acquisition (buying, obtaining). Spending money on and the acquiring of luxury goods and services to publicly display economic power. |
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| An economic system in which surplus is given to the lords. Violence and repression often used to extract compliance from the peasants. |
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| Exceedingly harsh government. |
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| a philosophy or practice characterized by a usually deliberate abstention from direction or interference especially with individual freedom of choice and action |
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| Holding back, keeping in a subordinate state. |
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| Examines ways in which literature reinforces the oppression of women economically, socially, politically, and psychologically. |
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| Any culture that privileges men by promoting traditional gender roles (believes in essentialism) |
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| Sex roles are not rigid: a blurring or male and female roles. |
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| Movement away from or against feminism. |
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| Belief that there is a unique feminine essence above and beyond culture conditioning - an inherent weakness in females. |
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| A female framework for analysis of women's literature. |
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Rational
Strong
Protective
Decisive |
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Irrational
Weak
Nurturing
Submissive |
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| Used to justifying inequalities and exclusion in decision making and wages. |
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Sex = biologically determined
Gender = Cultural programming |
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| Different between sex and gender? |
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Betty Friedan (1963).
Challenged the dominant cultural image of the successful and happy American woman as a housewife and mother. |
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| Ideas and activities that are concerned with how power is shared between men and women, and how this affects their relationships. |
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| Female Contemporary Feminist Critics |
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Elaine Showalter (A Literature of Their Own)
Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar (The Madwoman in the Attic)
bell hooks (Gloria Jean Watkins) (Ain't I A Woman)
Judith Fryers (The Faces of Eve) |
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| Mental Illness (Freudian-time word) |
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| Talking cure and free-association |
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| Freud's forms of treatment |
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The repressed part of the conscious.
Repressed desires of life, uncivilized passions. |
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| Disguised expression of the unconscious |
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Pleasure principle
Irrational
Instinct
Desires
Fears
Libido (sexual desire) |
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Rational
Logical
Regulates the id
The civilized side that operates according to social norms |
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The censor
Keeps the psyche in line
Use of fear and guilt to modify behaviour |
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| The true meaning behind the symbols in a dream (interpreted) |
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| Grouping of all feelings (usually anger) into the content of a dream |
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Old Hag
Great Mother
Temptress
Maiden Hero
Damsel in Distress |
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| Female Archetypal Sterotypes |
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| The true meaning behind the symbols in a dream (interpreted) |
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| Grouping of all feelings (usually anger) into the content of a dream |
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Old Hag
Great Mother
Temptress
Maiden Hero
Damsel in Distress |
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| Female Archetypal Sterotypes |
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| The true meaning behind the symbols in a dream (interpreted) |
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| Grouping of all feelings (usually anger) into the content of a dream |
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Old Hag
Great Mother
Temptress
Maiden Hero
Damsel in Distress |
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| Female Archetypal Sterotypes |
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| Most basic form of anxiety. Typically based on fears that are real and possible events (being bitten by a dog). |
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| Form of anxiety which comes from an unconscious fear that the basic impulses of the id (primitive part of our personality) will take control of the person, leading to eventual punishment. |
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| Form of anxiety that comes from the superego in the form of a fear of violating values and moral codes, and appears as feelings of guilt and shame. |
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| A response to anxiety. Ego's way of coping with the Id and Superego. They often appear unconsciously and they tend to distort, transform, and even falsify reality. |
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Defence mechanism.
Claiming and believing that what is true to be actually false. |
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Defence mechanism.
Redirecting emotions to a substitute target. |
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Defence mechanism.
Taking an objective viewpoint. |
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Defence mechanism.
Attributing uncomfortable feelings to others. |
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Defence mechanism.
Creating false but credible justifications. |
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Defence mechanism.
Overreacting in the opposite way to the fear. |
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Defence mechanism.
Going back to acting as a child. |
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Defence mechanism.
Pushing uncomfortable thoughts into the subconscious. |
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Defence mechanism.
Redirecting "wrong" urges into socially acceptable actions. |
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| Based on the Greek myth of Oedipus who was raised away from his parents. He killed his father and married his mother. |
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| The life drive. Seeks to preserve life and health. |
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| The death drive. The fear and anger and aggression. Opposite of Eros. |
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| Ego, Persona, Shadow (1 part of the unconscious as described by Carl Jung) |
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| 1 part of the unconscious as described by Carl Jung. Features archetypes, appear as symbols, images or characters. Found in art, literature and myths. |
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| Patterns of behaviour common to all |
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The wise child
The hero
Birth
Death
Cycle/season
Numbers
Deity
The mother
The quest |
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| Archetypes (psychoanalytical lens) |
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| Unconscious was divided into two parts; personal unconscious and universal/collective unconscious. |
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| Psychology of the Unconscious (1912) by Carl Jung said what? |
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| The uncivilized part of you personality |
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| The feminine side of a male |
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| The masculine side of a female |
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| The integrated self was the goal. Confront and assimilate the shadow part. Individuation was the ultimate goal. |
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