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| Father of the three kings of France during 1314-1328. These kings failed to resolve the agrarian crisis of the 13th and 14th century. |
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| A Plague that began in 1291 and ravaged Europe. An estimated 1/3 met their end to this terrible disease. The plague greatly shaped the institutions of Europe, and changed history forever. |
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| An attempt by landlords and employers to combat the higher wages as a result of the plague. This attempt was largely unsuccessful. |
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| Religious fanatics who believed that the plague was a result of sin, and whipped themselves for penance. |
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| A work of art that shows a skeleton leading a living person into the land of the dead. |
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| War that took place over a 116 year period, with pauses. This war was fought between France and England, over the issue of the English king’s power over France. |
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| Important battle in the 100 years war that proved the superiority of the English longbow over the French crossbow. |
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| French woman who inspired the French to win the Battle of Orleans and eventually the war. However, she was declared a heretic and burned at the stake. |
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| A representative assembly that worked together to achieve their goals. They held the country’s funds, and could often manipulate the monarchy with this power. |
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| Period of time (1309-1376) when the popes of the Roman Catholic church resided in Avignon, France. This later resulted in the Great Schism of Western Christianity |
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| Dominican mystic who beseeched the pope to return to Rome. The request was not granted. However, she gained widespread support. |
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| Holding several legal offices at the same time |
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| The split of the Catholic Church. Powers in Europe aligned themselves with either the Antipope Clement VII or Urban VI. This split was resolved in 1417. |
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| Group of people who believed that the church should be run by a council. |
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| Wrote Defensor Pacis. Believed that the church was subordinate to the state. |
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| Book written by Marsiglio of Padua. The book claimed that the church had no jurisdiction and was inferior to the state. The book was condemned and Marsiglio was excommunicated. |
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| Philosopher who thought sincere Christians should read the Bible for themselves.His followers were called Lollards. His words struck at the very heart of the current church’s institution. |
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| Followers of Wyclif. They allowed women preachers and called for a return to a simpler faith. |
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| Council brought together to end the Great Schism, to reform the church, and to end heresy. |
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| Czech priest who challenged the church. He was burned at the stake |
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| Crimes committed by renegade nobles. |
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| Muslim subjects of Christian kings in Spain |
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| Muslims who lived in Spain. |
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| Archbishop of Gniezno during 1283 to 1314. He hated Germans with a passion. |
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| The counterpart of Jakub Swinka who hated Poles with a passion. |
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| Bishop of Prague. He only allowed Bohemians to enter his seminary |
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| A survey of Bohemian history which includes the hostility the Czech people felt toward the Germans. |
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| A law that prohibited the marriage between Irish and British people. |
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| Author of the “Divine Comedy.” He was an Italian writer who held several positions in the city government. Later, he decided to write his “comedy.” |
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| A trilogy written by Dante which chronicles Dante’s journey through heaven, hell, and purgatory. This book comments on social affairs, and contains Scholastic philosophy. |
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| Wrote “Canterbury Tales.” This book is a collection of stories in rhymed narrative. |
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| Book written by Chaucer that reflects the cultural tensions of the time. This book chronicles a bunch of people’s journey to St. Thomas’ Shrine. |
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| Greatest poet of late medieval France. He wrote the “Grand Testament,” a book that reveals his inner self. |
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| Book that Villon wrote that reveals his inner self and uses language that was used by the lower class. |
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| Prolific female writer who composed the “Book of the City Ladies.” She wrote to support her family. |
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