Term
| Quetelet's 3 chief causes of crime |
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Definition
1. accidental causes, such as wars, famines, and natural disasters
2.variable causes, such as, free will and personality, that can oscillate between greater or smaller limits
3. constant causes, such as, gender, age, occupation, and religion |
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Definition
Claimed society itself caused crime. eventually claimed crime was contagious and sometimes hereditary
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Term
| National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) |
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Definition
| used to understand more about the volume and rate of crime. They examine representative samples of a general population in an attempt to discover what crimes have been experienced in a given period. -ability to discover info on crimes not reported to the police |
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Term
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Definition
| was hoped to be used to eliminate a broad spectrum of social undesirables. Including the physically unfit, alcoholics, the very poor, the morally and mentally depraved, and habitual criminals |
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Definition
| suggested that middle and upper classes should be provided with incentives to intermarry and produce offspring on the grounds that ordinarily only in these strata were intelligent and hard-working citizens found. |
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| demanded that socially undesirables be isolated, sterilized, or occasionally castrated, because their useless offspring were a drain on national resources. |
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Definition
1. Penal
2. Compensatory
3. Therapeutic
4. Conciliatory |
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Term
| Penal form of social control |
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Definition
| the problem is to establish guilt when an offender has violated a prohibition, and the solution is punishment. |
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Term
| Compensatory form of social control |
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Definition
| a person considered to have a contractual obligation and, therefore, owes the victim restitution. |
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Term
| Therapeutic form of social control |
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Definition
| a deviant’s conduct is defined as abnormal; the person needs help such as treatment by a psychiatrist. |
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Term
| Conciliatory form of social control |
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Definition
| deviant behavior represents one side of a social conflict in need of resolution without consideration as to who is right or who is wrong (example-marital disputes) |
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Definition
| acts that are evil in themselves |
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Definition
| National level database on crime pioneered in France |
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Term
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Definition
| (private law) consists of body of rules and procedures intended to govern the conduct of individuals in their relationship with others. (Violations of civil statues, called torts, are private wrongs for which the injured individuals may seek redress in the courts for the harm he/she experienced) |
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Term
| Uniform Crime Report Part I offenses |
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Definition
| omicide; forcible rape; robbery; aggravated assault; burglary; larceny-theft; motor vehicle theft; arson |
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Term
| Uniform Crime Report Part II offenses |
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Definition
| other assaults; embezzlement; loitering and curfew offenses; drug violations, sex offenses; driving under the influence; fraud; gambling; vandalism; vagrancy; prostitution; forgery and counterfeiting; disorderly conduc |
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Definition
- Unreported crime and chances of over or under-reporting
- Does not cover all police departments or federal crimes or drug offenses
- Possibility of misrepresentation |
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Definition
•The influence of the social structure on human behavior
•Nature of solidarity defines a society |
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Term
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Definition
| the ultimate goal is the prevention of all crime. To achieve this goal, legislators should ensure that the pleasure derived from any crime always be outweighed by the pain inflicted by the punishment |
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Definition
| a person about to commit a crime should be persuaded by the very threat of punishment either not to commit that crime at all or to commit a lesser offense. |
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Definition
| A person who has actually decided to commit a crime should be persuaded by the threat of punishment to do no more mischief than is necessary. In no instance should punishment for a crime be more than is necessary to prevent its occurrence. |
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Definition
| Legislators should try to prevent crime as cheaply as possible |
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Definition
| The ultimate aim was not to lessen punishment, but to make it more efficient and to ensure that its principles applied to everyone75 |
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Definition
| The argument that deterrence, rather than retribution, is the main justification for punishment |
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Term
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Definition
| The framework of laws and rules that govern the administration of justice in cases involving an individual who has been accused of a crime, beginning with the initial investigation of the crime and concluding either with the unconditional release of the accused by virtue of acquittal (a judgment of not guilty) or by the imposition of a term of punishment pursuant to a conviction for the crime. |
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