Term
| What is the cause of crime according to biological theories? |
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Definition
The cause of crime according to biological theories is that criminals are physiologically different from noncriminals. Criminals behave differently because structurally they are different.
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Term
| What is the cause of crime according to biological theories? |
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Definition
| The cause of crime according to biological theories is that criminals are physiologically different from noncriminals. Criminals behave differently because structurally they are different. |
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Term
| What were Lombroso’s ideas concerning the death penalty? |
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Definition
| Lombroso was for the death penalty. He thought that Italy’s abolition of the death penalty was a mistake. |
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Term
| . Is chemical castration currently a sentencing/crime prevention option? |
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Definition
| Yes many states have adopted some form of chemical castration that may be used on sex offenders |
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Term
| Who is the father of criminology? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the key propositions of phrenology? |
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Definition
1. The exterior of the brain conforms to the shape of the brain
2. The “mind” consists of faculties of function
3. The faculties are related to the shape of the brain and skull.
4. The size of the faculty organs determines the strength in which each faculty is manifested
5. Each organ is considered engaged either independently or collectively. |
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Term
| What theory is associated with William Sheldon? |
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Definition
| Associated with body type theories |
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Term
| Know the different somatotypes and examples? |
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Definition
1. Endomorph – soft, fat, a comfortable person who loves luxury and is an extrovert
2. Mesomorph – athletically built, muscular, with more active, assertive and aggressive temperament
3. Ectomorph – tall, lean, delicate, fragile and introverted and shy |
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Term
| What family was used in the family tree research? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Someone who exhibits the characteristics of a primitive human being. |
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Term
| What were the different methodologies in chapter 4 to study biologically related crime? |
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Definition
| The different methods were physiognomy, phrenology, anthropology, body type, heredity |
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Term
| Who wrote physinomical fragments? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were Lombosos beliefs concerning victim compensation, paying for imprisonment? |
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Definition
| He was for the offender paying the victim or working to pay the victim and believed recidivist should get harsher punishments |
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Term
| Explain in detail how adoption studies were used to measure crime tendencies? |
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Definition
| The adoption study took criminal records of adopted boys and compared them to the records of their biological and adoptive fathers. The studies showed that the percentage of boys who were criminal was greater when their fathers were also criminal versus their stepfather being criminal. However an even larger percentage were criminal if both fathers had a criminal record. |
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Term
| Does IQ play a part in controlling ones impulses? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the primary lesson from the Stafford prison experiment? |
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Definition
| The primary lesson is that situational and systematic factors influence good people to do evil things more so than individual or dispositional factors. |
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Term
| According to Freud what caused little boys to repress their feeling for their mother. |
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Definition
| Because they are afraid that their father will get jealous and castrate them. |
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Term
| What is the upper threshold used by Goddard to identify feeblemindedness? |
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Definition
| He set the upper threshold at 12 (IQ of 75) |
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Term
| Who was first to promote IQ and crime in the US |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of human genetics is identical? |
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Definition
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Term
| Freud is most associated with what type of theories? |
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Definition
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Term
| Know frueds three parts of the mind and what they are responsible for? |
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Definition
Superego – Your source of morality (your conscience)
Id – The source of you instinctual sexual and aggression drives
Ego – The part of the mind that mediates between the individual and reality |
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Term
| Who conducted the Stafford prison experiment? |
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Definition
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Term
| Explain how migration causes different races. |
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Definition
| The further north they went, the more they encountered different climates and geographies that required different skills and lifestyles |
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Term
| 5 stages of psycho-sexual development and the type of crime of each? |
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Definition
1. Oral stage alcoholism/ drug addiction
2. Anal stage embezzlement/armed robbery
3. Phallic stage rape/prostitution
4. Latency stage no crime reference
5. Genital stage homosexuality/prostitution |
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Term
| Essay- 5 levels of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? |
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Definition
1. Physiological needs (food, water, procreational sex)
2. Safety (Security, stability, freedom from fear)
3. Belongingness and love
4. Self-esteem (self-esteem and the esteem of others)
5. Need for self-actualization (being everything you are capable of being, being true to your nature) |
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Term
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Definition
| the shared beliefs that unify a society |
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Term
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Definition
| feelings or emotions an individual experiences |
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Term
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Definition
| a model for residential environments designed to inhibit criminality through a range of mechanisms. |
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Term
| Do funmctionist want to prevent crime? |
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Definition
| They do not want to prevent crime only contain it within acceptable boundaries. |
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Term
| Different problems with the routine activities theory |
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Definition
| One problem is that it suggests all people will commit crime unless curbed to do so. It doesn’t specify which routine activities affect crime and it is critisized for only being applicable to ordinary crime. |
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Term
| According to Durkheim what is the cause of crime? |
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Definition
| Durkheim associates crime with anomie or the social breakdown of norms. |
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Term
| . What percentage of kids in Chicago’s worse neiborhoods had criminal records? |
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Definition
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Term
| The Chicago school found which zones to have the highest rates? |
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Definition
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Term
| Know the criticisms of the Chicago school? |
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Definition
1. Spurious relationship between the detachment from conventional group and delinquency
2. Not all inner city neighborhoods are disorganized
3. Over-prediction
4. Use of official police records
5. Circular reasoning |
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Term
| Which theorist is associated with the Situational crime prevention? |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Merton how do most people adapt to anomie? |
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Definition
| Most people adapt by conforming |
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Term
| Different sources of strain? |
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Definition
1. Loss of positively valued stimuli
2. Experience negative or noxious stimuli
3. Failing to achieve highly valued goals |
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Term
| Know the different functions of crime? |
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Definition
1. It marks the boundaries of morality
2. Crime unites law abiding people
3. Crime provides a means of achieving necessary social change |
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Term
| ESSAY- Three factors that make up the routine activities theory? |
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Definition
1. Motivated offenders – teenage boys, unemployed people, drug addicts
2. Suitable target – unlocked homes, cars
3. The absence of a capable guardian – absence of police officer, home owner, security system |
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