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| Private French seaport prisons of the 1700s housing former galley slaves |
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| burning a mark or letter on an offender's body |
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| a workhouse in London in the 1500s in which basic neccessities and skills to be productive were taught to the incarcerated poor and mentally ill |
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| in the southern penal system, convictes chained together during outside labor |
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| the practice of moving inmates from sleeping cells to other areas of the prison for work and meals |
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| smuggled goods, such as drugs, cigarettes, money or porn |
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| in southern penal systems, leasing prisoners to work for private contractors |
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| uniformed jail or prison employees whose primary job is the security and movement of inmates |
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| moving mentally ill people from long term hospitalization to community based care |
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| in colonial america, forced immersion in water as punishment, through pain and public humiliation |
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| prison construction in which individual cells are stacked back to back in tiers in the center of a secure building |
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| short term multipurpose holding facilities that serve as the gateway for the criminal justice system |
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| colonial institutions based on the concept that inmates could change their criminality through reflection and penitence |
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| in colonial america, a tortuous restraining device in which offenders were forced to endure pain and public ridicule |
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| in southern penal systems, using inmate labor to maintain large profit-making prison farms or plantations |
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| the reception and diagnosis of an inmate to decide the appropriate security level in which to place to prison and services of placement |
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| socialization into a distinct prison subculture with its own values, morals, norms and sanctions |
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| trend toward the use of for-profit jails and prisons run by private companies |
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| groups that raise special threats, such as prison gangs |
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| correctional practice of prohibiting inmates from talking to other inmates |
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| institutions that meet all of the inmate's basic needs, discourage individuality, punish dissent, and segregate those who do not follow rules |
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| the chief administrator of a prison |
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| reduces severity or length of sentence by state gov. or president |
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| organization of decision making about parole as a function of a state department of corrections |
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| forgives prisoner and rescinds sentence |
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a strategy of crediting inmates with extra days served toward early release encourage prisonor to obey rules and participate in programs |
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| organization of decision making about parole as a function of a state department of corrections |
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| the defendent is sentanced to a prison term with a minimum and a maximum number of years to serve |
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| early form of parole invented by sir walter crofton on the basis of the mark system, in which prisoners were released conditionally on good behavior and were supervised in the community |
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| early form of parole invented by alexander maconochie in which prisoners demonstrated their rehabilitiation by earning points for good behavior |
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| origin of parole based on the concept of releasing prisoners on their honor after serving a portion of thier sentence |
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| meetings with inmates, attorneys and others in which the parole board decides whether to grant, deny, or revoke parole |
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| probation and parole officers |
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| state and federal professional employees who report to the courts and supervise defendents released on probation and offenders released from prison on parole |
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| standard conditions of release |
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| federal and state guidelines with rules with which parolees must comply to meet their conditions of release |
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| another term for probation, based on the fact that convicted offenders must serve their full sentence if they violate the terms of release |
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| in the mark system, unconditional release from prison, purchased with marks earned for good behavior |
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| grounds for imprisonment of a probationer or parolee based on their violation of a condition of release |
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| community based corrections |
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| prevention and treatment programs to promote the successful transition of the offender from prison to the community |
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| correctional case managers |
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| social work caseworkers who specialize in helping offenders adjust to life in prison, release from prison, and successful reentry into the community |
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| an approach for dealing with drug offenders that is aimed at breaking the cycle of drug use |
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| programs provided by religious based and church affiliated groups. their role in rehabilitation is controversial because they receive federal money and may combine religious instruction with rehabilitation |
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| a term for punishment that restrics offenders' freedom without prison, community based prevention and treatment programs |
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residential substance abuse treatment federal assistance program to help states provide for treatment instead of prison for substance abusers |
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sentence for a first time non violent offender who was not expecting a sentence intended to impres son the offender the possible consequences |
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| after a brief period of imprisonment, the judge brings the offender back to court and offers probation |
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| treatment accountability for safer communities, a federal assistance program to help states break the addiction-crime cycle |
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| nationwide federally supported crime prevention program that helps states reduce crime by weeding out offenders and restoring their neighborhoods |
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john augustus initiated what came to be known as probation in 1841 in boston monitored courts and rescued more than 2,000 people from being imprisoned massachussettes passed 1st probation statue by 1920 all states had juv. probation |
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