Term
|
Definition
| Counsel for the Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Programs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a continuous process of gathering client data for decision making |
|
|
Term
| What do we use Assessment for? |
|
Definition
identify problems,
understand a client’s assets and deficits
form predictions about the client’s future behavior. |
|
|
Term
| The process of Assessment -briefly |
|
Definition
gather data,
draw inferences,
hypotheses
make predictions
evaluate effectiveness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
tests,
checklists,
inventories,
mental status exams
clinical interviews |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Tests with uniform procedures of administration and scoring
Example: GRE
NOT an example: Rorshack and TAT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| every observer of performance arrives at the same result |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| every observer could have a different result |
|
|
Term
| one perk of individual testing? |
|
Definition
| allows you to look at nonverbal cues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
measure of how quickly the test can be completed
pure speed = can be completed in allotted time |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
determines how difficult the test is
pure power = test can not be completed regardless of time |
|
|
Term
| tests of maximum performance, measure... |
|
Definition
| intelligence, achievement and general aptitudes and abilities |
|
|
Term
| what do tests of typical performance measure? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Neuro-Linguistic Programming (NLP) |
|
Definition
| individuals have their OWN systems for storing and responding to words like Fire, Snow, Water |
|
|
Term
| Measures of Central Tendency |
|
Definition
Mean - Average
Median - Middle (50th percentile)
Mode - most often occuring |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
there is a curvilinear relationship between performance and anxiety. That is performance and anxiety will increase in a linear fashion until a level of optimal anxiety is reached. Then the performance level decreases as the anxiety level increases.
Robert M. Yerkes |
|
|
Term
| 2 tests with empirical scaling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 4 methods of constructing tests |
|
Definition
rational intuitive,
rational theoretical,
homogenous
and empirical |
|
|
Term
Change process:
P and Declamente |
|
Definition
Precontemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintenance |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| items measuring the same things, correlate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| items measuring different things, don't correlate |
|
|
Term
| What is treatment matching? |
|
Definition
| what treatment does the cl need, considering their test results? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Goal Attainment Scaling
using a test to measure a desirable goal, career, beh change, etc. |
|
|
Term
| The Shipley Hartford Scale a measure of |
|
Definition
| verbal and abstract thinking. |
|
|
Term
| The Remote Associates Test is a measurement of |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
KNOW
1- WHY you do it
2-HOW to identify instruments
3- LIMITations of the instruments
4- acceptable STANDARDS of test development (Norms, item bias)
6-Be sensitive to you client’s Hx
7-how it fits into YOUR THEORY of counseling |
|
|
Term
| norm referencing and criterion referencing |
|
Definition
Norm - your score compared to others
Criterion - your score compared to a standard you're supposed to meet (BBS) |
|
|
Term
Clients tend to prefer that assessment results be interpreted:
(A) individually
(B) in a group setting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Before interpreting any test with T-scores, the counselor should be aware of the
(A) reliability
(B) validity
(C) standard error of measurement
(D) history of the client regarding tests
(E) all of these |
|
Definition
to interpret t-scores, you need to know:
EVERYTHING (reliability, validity, SEM, prior test history) |
|
|
Term
A multitrait multimethod matrix (MTMMM)involves:
(A) correlating tests with instruments that measure the same trait
(B) correlating tests with instruments that measure different traits
(C) correlating tests that measure different traits with different methods
(E) all of these |
|
Definition
MTMMM,
correlating everything with everything. + and - |
|
|
Term
A criterion is usually
(A) a cut off score for a performance (B) behavior that an instrument is designed to predict
(C) opinions of experts about a test |
|
Definition
behavior that an instrument is designed to predict
(whether it's predictive or concurrent) |
|
|
Term
Criterion related validity can be demonstrated with
(A) appropriate content
(B) appropriate reliability
(C) differences between scores of people from selected criterion groups |
|
Definition
| differences between scores of people from selected criterion groups |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the square root of the variance
larger SD show more deviation from the mean |
|
|
Term
| Trait Anxiety vs State Anxiety |
|
Definition
Trait - Continuous personality trait
State - when in contact with xyz |
|
|
Term
| User Qualifications: a level you're supposed to meet ABC |
|
Definition
Level A- just read the manual
Level B- MA or equivalent (MeyBrig, Strong)
Level C you need a PhD or certification (stanford binet, rorschack) |
|
|
Term
| STRONG interest inventory what city? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe how the Suinn Test Anxiety Behavior Scale might be used in the treatment of test anxiety? |
|
Definition
| Gives you hierarchy to work with, starting with less anxiety provoking ideas, and building up to more anxiety, provoking tasks. The finger flicking activity. Relax the body, measure their finger response. Repeat until they can improve. |
|
|
Term
the four methods of constructing educational and psychological tests.
(ri rt h e) |
|
Definition
rational intuitive,
rational theoretical,
homogenous and empirical. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Range
Variation
Standard Deviation
All are useful benchmarks indicating how scores vary |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A measure of the variability of scores that is independent of the elevation of a distribution of scores.
11 12 12 13
same variance as
22 23 23 24 |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the major difficulties in administering tests to children? How has this been remedied to some extent? |
|
Definition
| easily distracted, so you make it a game. |
|
|
Term
| Three types of panic attacks are not codeable disorders: |
|
Definition
1. Uncued attacks -come out of the blue
2. Situationally bound attacks -occur with exposure or anticipation
3. Situationally predisposed -attacks are not invariably associated with a cue (sometimes riding an elevator flying in a plane or taking a test can be ok) |
|
|
Term
Attacks have physical, emotional, cognitive, and behavioral elements
ex. of each pyhsical |
|
Definition
| Physical include: Stress response (fight or flight), rapid heartbeat, heavy breathing, pupil dilation, skin changes (numbness), dry mouth, trembling. A chance to misread cues. |
|
|
Term
| Emotional signs of Anxiety include: |
|
Definition
Losing control (fainting, choking),
FEAR (going crazy, forgetting too much, losing the mind) |
|
|
Term
| Cognitive Sx of Anxiety include: |
|
Definition
| Thoughts of dying, needing to get out, having a heart attack, growing a tumor, feeling stupid |
|
|
Term
| Behavioral Sx of Anxiety include: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Passive relaxation strategies for Anxiety Tx include: |
|
Definition
breathing,
visualization, meditation,
autohypnosis, autogenic training. |
|
|
Term
Active relaxation for Anxiety Tx
strategies: |
|
Definition
muscle relaxation,
yoga,
massage,
therapeutic touch
aerbics |
|
|
Term
| Systematic desensitization with reciprocal inhibition |
|
Definition
master relaxation training,
identify targets,
construct a hierarchy,
present the hierarchy with a relaxation response.
(Do this with 40 items or a narrative) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
no relaxation involved!
Exposure and immersion with role play, soliloquy, body sculpting, role reversal, and real life practice. |
|
|
Term
| Get rid of irrational beliefs using Ellis' ABCD approach. |
|
Definition
A = Activating Event
B = Belief System
C = Consequence
How you feel about the event based on your self-talk
D = Dispute
Examine your beliefs and expectations
Are they unrealistic or irrational? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Shows rank and position. PERCENTILE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
shows rank, equal appearing intervals thermometor,
Likert scale (not equal differences) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Shows rank, equal appearing intervals.
There is an absolute zero.
ex. Ruler |
|
|
Term
| raw scores are meaningless without |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
how many standard deviations from the mean
z= X-M
_______
sd
x= 85 M=75 SD=5
85-75 = 10
divided by 5 = 2
z=2 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the percenTile 50 + 10z = t
t= 80
(you know 0=50, so x3 sd = 80
or
z-score = 2, 50 +2x10 = 20.
t=70 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
have a mean of five with a standard deviation of two are presented in a range of percentile scores.
Stanine refers to standard nines, because there are nine divisions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a sample that will provide the data needed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Stability reliability
Internal Consistency reliability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Test Retest
should have no practice effect
Equivalent/Alternate/Parallel Forms
different tests that are similar |
|
|
Term
Internal Consistency Reliability
3 different kinds: |
|
Definition
Split Half
Kuder Richardson 20 21
Cronbach's alpha |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| split data in half, then use the Spearman Brown formula to make them whole again. |
|
|
Term
Kuder-Richardson formulas 20 and 21 for dichotomous items
lower reliability than split- half |
|
Definition
20 is for a heterogeneous trait (measuring many things)
21 is for a homogenous trait (measuring one thing) |
|
|
Term
| Cronbach’s alpha is used when |
|
Definition
the scoring is not dichotomous.
ex. likert scales or different weight on different questions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
truthfulness, does it indeed measure what is is supposed to measure.
You can not have validity without reliability. |
|
|
Term
| Universal Domain of Content |
|
Definition
Is the test missing something?
= - x but missing division? |
|
|
Term
Item response recall:
response bias |
|
Definition
| what you think the better response should be |
|
|
Term
Item response recall:
response set |
|
Definition
| no attention to content, just a pattern of answers |
|
|
Term
| computer modeling and stochastic probability theory |
|
Definition
| if you get it right, the questions get harder |
|
|
Term
correlations between items of evidence and internal structure
what should correlate internally? |
|
Definition
+ and - items should correlate
x and division items should correlate |
|
|
Term
factor analysis, or evidence of internal structure
(what factor are you measuring?) |
|
Definition
| if you want to measure depression you just want one factor measuring depression |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| based on relationships to other variables, does this test for depression correlate with other tests for depression? |
|
|
Term
| multi trait multi method matrix |
|
Definition
drawing of the network
testing the same thing should corrlelate
testing different things should not correlate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tests testing the same thing should correlate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tests testing different things should not correlate. |
|
|
Term
Criterion related avlidity-
1. predictive validity= |
|
Definition
the correlation btwn the instrument and a criterion at a future point
SAT predicts college GPA |
|
|
Term
Criterion related avlidity-
2. concurrent validity+ |
|
Definition
correlation btwn the instrument and a criterion at the same moment.
come in with depression and the test says you're depressed |
|
|
Term
Criterion related validity has two types
P and C |
|
Definition
| Predictive and Concurrent |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
what is the impact of the test?
What should counselors expect of their cl regarding the meaning of the test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
if the instrument predicts correctly, it is a hit
incorrectly, it's a miss
Misses can be false positives or false negatives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
What are the benefits in terms of cost and personal time for using the instruments
finances of making decisions |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a single item will discriminate between one group of people and another. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| P value, you want more than 70% of ppl to get it right. |
|
|
Term
| And when we have the test accurately representing the behavior among some people, what do you call that? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a test predicts you to be poor, but you end up being good, what kind of miss is that? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
which of these is most expensive mistake?
False positive
or
False negative |
|
Definition
| false positive is the most expensive mistake |
|
|
Term
| What is the point of expectancy tables? |
|
Definition
| To determine if testing is cost effective. ruling out false positives. |
|
|
