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| Freud's challenge to the rationalist credo. How rational are we? |
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| Freud's tripartite model of the mind |
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| ID has primary instincts, Ego is rational/realistic, Superego is the ideal self/morality. |
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| It is irrational and holds pleasure |
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| the mechanism of redirecting |
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| this is the mechanism of forgetting |
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| How is Freud a determinist? |
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| He is internal, individual and believes that the forces that shape us do not come just from the outside |
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| Implications of the tripartite mind |
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| the unconscious, active and conflicted |
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| This is the kingdoms of the world craving for universal unity which is a terrible gift. |
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| It is the leap from the temple (a choice between right and wrong) |
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| turning stones into bread gives someone to worship |
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| What does Jesus offer humanity and what does the G.I. offer in its place? |
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| We get the burden of Freedom from Jesus and the G.I. takes away the terrifying but gives the 3 temptations. |
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| Effect of Jesus kissing the G.I./Alyosha kissing Ivan? |
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Definition
| Shows forgiveness and understanding of differences. |
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| What is meant by the G.I. meaning he loves humanity more than Jesus? |
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Definition
| He is part of humanity that makes him love it more than Jesus does. |
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| Is the G.I. right about human nature? |
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| In some ways yes because humans try to find reasons to believe in things. |
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Term
| The kiss Jesus gives fitting with the G.I.? |
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| It contradicts the G.I. because Jesus shows that nothing gets in the way of his love. |
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Term
| What is Skinner's contribution to our understanding of "anthropology" and the nature of determinism? |
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Definition
| Empty organisms, environmental causes of behavior and behaviors follow lawful patterns. The central law being that "Those behaviors that have been rewarded will be repeated." |
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| Skinner's view of mental processes and critique of views of human reason. |
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| Reason is irrelevant, Private & public events subject to the same laws, self-knowledge is limited, and thoughts do not cause behavior. |
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| Define Positive Reinforcement |
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Definition
| It introduces positive consequence |
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| Define Negative Reinforcement |
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| is repeated to remove or avoid negative condition. |
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| introduce negative consequence |
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| continuous reinforcements, successive approximation |
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| Define "Freedom is an illusion" |
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Definition
| it is an implication on society |
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Term
| Compare and contrast Marx, Darwin, Freud, and Skinner |
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Definition
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Term
| What is subjective truth and how is it superior to objective truth? How does it help us avoid agony of decision making? |
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Definition
| It is superior because everything can be true and it helps us avoid the agony of decision making because we are what we do. |
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Term
| What are the three stages along life's way? |
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Definition
| The aesthetic stage:live for pleasure, Ethical stage: give up our own pleasure for good of others, Religious stage: give up everything for God |
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| How are Agamemnon and Abraham examples of the last two stages of life? |
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Definition
| They are people who resign themselves infinitely |
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Term
| What does Kierkegaard reject in Hegel and why? Is there anything he may accept/how does it compare with Marx? |
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Definition
| He rejects any group and that even includes churches because it is what happens in worship vs. what should happen |
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Term
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Definition
| life would be better if everyone could do as they pleased |
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| It would be better if everyone followed the rules |
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| give up everything including our ethics for God |
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Term
| Define Objective and Subjective Truth |
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Definition
Objective: truths for which there are objective criteria to determine truth or falsehood
Subjective: we are what we do |
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| The non-rational and primitive. The quartet: Ecstasy, horror, suffering and joy. They have dark wisdom and live dangerously. |
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| Reason and rationalism. Logical order and philosophical calm. Civilization is domestication and the city. Their Knowledge is the University. Moderation and balance where "Nothing is in excess" |
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| It is a drive to win the race: expression, sublimation and repression. It is a will to dominate and everyone has it. Results in resentment. |
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| Define Consolations of Man |
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| Anything we do to make ourselves believe that nothing has collapsed.No values, no God, don't believe it. Saying Yes! to life and accept that God is dead and that we have killed him. The Ubermensch- an individual will make a break through an over comer it is yet to come. |
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| The herd is unthinking and afraid of the new, they believe in old so called truths filled with resentment. |
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Term
| Master Morality vs. Slave Morality |
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Definition
Master morality: masters are strong and powerful, Good is noble and has class, Bad is anything that looks like the herd regrettable.
Slave Morality: morality of the weak herd and of usefulness, Good is whatever makes the herd happy, Evil goes against the well being of the herd. |
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Term
| What is required to become an adult? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does Nietzsche mean by "God is Dead"? |
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Definition
| there never was a God and he never existed |
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Term
| What is the effect of God on the slaves and masters? |
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Definition
Masters: little church, little shock
the Herd: devastation, no God= all nonsense collapses, no external good. |
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Term
| Nietzsche as Existentialist |
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Definition
Suffering, Freedom, Values, and Actions
Give up freedom and live in the herd. |
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Term
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Definition
First, I exist
Then, I determine my nature by the choices I make |
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Term
| Define Nausea according to Sarte |
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Definition
| the realization that the universe is meaningless, unorderly and absurd |
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Term
| Define Being-in-itself and Being-for-itself according to Sarte |
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Definition
Being-in-itself: something that is complete, fixed without meaning.
Being-for-itself: has made meaning, something that is incomplete, fluid with meaning. |
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| What does "Existence precedes essence" mean? |
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Definition
| Society tells you what you should be, your essence is not the labels, your essence is defined by what you do. |
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| What does it mean to live in good faith and bad faith? |
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Definition
Good faith: accepting responsibility and making choices
Bad faith: trying to avoid responsibility |
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| Compare and contrast Kierkegaard, Nietzsche and Sarte |
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Kierkegaard: Go through stages in life, aesthetic level, leap of faith-third stage, make it true to them and live fully for God, maybe make it to a religious stage.
Nietzsche: some live as heroes and others as herd, say yes to life
Sarte: say no, then say yes to making authentic choices. |
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Term
| Contrast the five points of modern and postmodern epistemologies: |
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Definition
Historical vs. Timeless: truth is based on when.
Probable vs. Certain: certainty is limited
Systematic vs. Foundational: you cannot build on anything because nothing is solid
Constructed vs. Objective: you need transcendent divine grounding
Known by communities vs. undifferential knowers: object the lab coat analogy |
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Term
| Why is Derrida suspicious of meta-narratives? |
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Definition
| the only reason why we have them is Power |
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Term
| Define: "there is nothing outside the text" |
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Definition
| all language is constructed by language, we must use language to explain language |
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Definition
| an over-arching explanation for everything "worldview" |
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Term
| Define "nature is a-grammatical" |
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Definition
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| Explain objection of Derrida's writings being self-refuting |
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Definition
His texts attempt to communicate meaning, his ideas are an overarching system
response: destabilize language and put words under erasure |
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| a collection of authoritative texts |
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Term
| Define Identity Politics: |
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Definition
| recognize and teach the difference |
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Term
| Define Double Consciousness |
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Definition
| You view yourself as a minority not as how you should see yourself |
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