Term
| When should a child develop moving from sidelying to supine? |
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Definition
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Term
| When should a child develop moving from supine to sidelying? |
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Definition
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Term
| When should a child develop moving from prone to supine? |
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Definition
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Term
| When should a child develop moving from supine to prone? |
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Definition
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Term
| A child should progress from __ type to rolling to __ rolling. |
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Definition
| Log rolling to segmental rolling |
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Term
| Moving forward or backwrds by pushing and pulling with the extremities while the abdomen is in contact with the support surface. |
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Definition
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Term
| Locomotion pattern characterized by elevation of the abdomen off the support surface. |
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Definition
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Term
| Young children of what age use the adult like pattern for sit to stand? |
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Definition
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Term
| When young children are performing sit to stand they are less efficient especially when terminating the movement. What 2 things do they do? |
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Definition
Rise up on toes
Take a step |
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Term
| Name the 3 requirements for gait. |
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Definition
Progression
Stability
Adaptation |
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Term
| The progression stage of gait; innate pattern generator produces basic pattern. |
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Definition
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Term
| The stance stability stage of gait; development of descending influences allow child to control their stance. |
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Definition
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Term
| The time when the child develops adaptability of gait. |
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Definition
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Term
| Present in the first months after birth, then "disappears", present again at walking age (10 mo) |
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Definition
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Term
| Characterized by synchronous joint movements and ms activity with coactivation |
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Definition
| Infant stepping/early locomotion |
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Term
| With stepping, the neural code/pattern is present, changes in other systems (name 2) lead to changes in stepping behavior. |
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Definition
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Term
| Spatial and temporal similarities between supine kicking and stepping patterns, yet kicking persists when __ disappears |
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Definition
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Term
| __ influences allow better control of stepping acivity |
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Definition
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Term
| The limiting factor for independent walking |
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Definition
| Balance and maybe strength |
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Term
| Changes in walking gait especially over the first 3 years of life, and continued improvements until __ years |
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Definition
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Term
| Infants learn what surfaces afford safe locomotion BUT there is no carryover from __ to __ |
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Definition
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Term
| __ develops later than walking, likely secondary to need for increased strength and balance. |
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Definition
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Term
| Asymmetrical gait with unusual timing |
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Definition
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Term
| Requires strength and balance to stand on one limb |
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Definition
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Term
| Requires increased locomotor coordnation |
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Definition
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Term
| With chilren, postural responses to perturbation are adult-like but slower, they become faster with age and mature around what year? |
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Definition
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Term
| Stepping to regain balance begins to develop within the first 1 to 3 months of walking, this is relatively refind by __ months of walking. |
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Definition
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Term
| These are used during gait development but do not mature until later childhood. |
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Definition
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Term
| Do their appear to be changes in gait in healthy elderly? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the 4 influences on the changes in locomotion with aging. |
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Definition
1. Balance
2. Leg ms strength
3. Changes in sensory input
4. Cognitive factors (fear of falling) |
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Term
| Name 3 proactive adaptations that occur with aging. |
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Definition
1. Visual sampling (elderly monitor terrain more)
2. Implementation time (Elderly have difficulty adapting step length)
3. Obstace avoidance (elderly use slower approach speed, slower crossing speed, and short step length) |
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Term
| 35-47% of falls; key is quick reactions of hip flexors in swing limb and hamstrings PF in stance; older adults produce ms activity slower than healthy young adults when this occurs. |
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Definition
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Term
| 27-32% of falls; delayed and weaker ms responses (rectus, abdominals, tib ant) |
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Definition
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Term
| Name some cognitive factors that have a role impairments in gait of elders. |
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Definition
1. Performing secondary task while walking; limiting capacity to perform either task requiring increased attention; limited info processing capacity
2. Fear of falling; predictors include preferred walking pace, anxiety level, and depression. Slower they walk, they more anxious they have become |
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Term
| Name 3 predictors of falls in the elderly. |
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Definition
1. Variability in stride length
2. Extreme step width variability
3. Both strength and balance impairments |
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Term
| Name some sensory impairments that have a role impairments in gait of elders. |
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Definition
1. Slower processing of sensory info, deficits in sensory systems
2. Difficulty recognizing postural tilt; poor proproception, may rely more on vision |
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Term
| Name a neuromuscular factor that has an role impairments in gait of elders. |
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Definition
Muscle weakness
- ankle strength decreases beginning in the 60s |
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Term
| Name some musculoskeletal factors that have a role impairments in gait of elders. |
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Definition
1. Decreased ROM
- anke jts and spine
2. Pain |
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Term
| The highest proportion of falls in public places are __ |
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Definition
| On stairs, usually during descent |
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Term
| Requires a larger foot clearance, and highly dependent on vision |
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Definition
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Term
- Increased leg and trunk flexion and initiation
- Higher movement velocity to initiate movement (increased momentum)
- Slower movement velocity when rising (weakness)
- Minimize forward body displacement with stand to sitting (fall into chair) |
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Definition
| Sit to Stand (no armrests) |
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Term
| When will a person use the zero momentum strategy in sit to stand? |
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Definition
1. Use of armrests available
2. Fear of forward displacment |
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