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| one of the provisions of the US constitution enacted after the original Constitution became law |
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| the first ten amendments to the Constitution, which guarantee basic indiviudual rights to all persons in the US |
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| used by judges to resolve legal issues by balancing the interests in conflicts |
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| no government can take away Constitutional rights- Supremacy Clause |
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| the process by which courts decide whether the laws passed by congress or state legislature are constitutional |
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| Jefferson forbade Madison from delivering term so William Marbury's commission as justice of the peace for DC was not delivered.created judicial review, the supreme court is the guardian of Constitution |
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| a general term applying to anything that is immoral, indecent, or lewd |
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| written or spoken expression about a person that is false and damages that person's reputation |
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| spoken expression about a person that is false and damages that person's reputation |
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| a written expresion about a person that is false and damages that person's reputation |
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| speech that is directed at buying or selling goods and services. The law treats commercial speech differently from political speech and other forms of expression |
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| a legal term applying to words that are so abusive that they are likely to cause a fight between the speaker and the person spoken to |
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| a tes formally used by the courts to restict speech when the government thought it would create an immediate danger of serious harm |
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| a methid used by courts to determine whether to restrict expression based on its potential to cause immediate unlawful behavior |
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| places such as parks or streets, where First Amendment expression rights are traditionally exercised |
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| conduct that expresses an idea (for example wearing a black arm band to protest war |
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| indefiniteness, uncertainty, imprecision |
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| 1. the denial of freedom of speech or freedom of the press 2. the process of examining publications or films for material that the government considers harmful or objectionable |
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| any effort to censor a publication before it goes to press |
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| Students wanted to wear black armbands to testify against war; lost case |
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| Students wanted to print ads in school newspaper; lost case |
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A- 2/3 vote of both houses of congress, then national convention 2/3 states
B- ratified by 3/4 states, ratified by conventions 3/4 states |
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