Term
|
Definition
| -The theory that the monarch is supreme and can exercise full and complete power unilaterally. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -English document declaring that sovereignty resided with Parliament. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Stuart king who brought conflict with Parliament to a head and was subsequently executed. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Stuart king during the Restoration, following Cromwell's Interregnum. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -The financial minister under the French king Louis XIV who promoted mercantilist policies. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -The theory that power should be shared between rulers and their subjects and the state governed according to laws. |
|
|
Term
| Oliver Cromwell (1559-1658) |
|
Definition
| -The principal leader and a gentry member of the Puritans in Parliament. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Radical groups in England in the 1650s who called for the abolition of private ownership and extension of the franchise. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -The belief that a monarch's power derives from God and represents Him on earth. |
|
|
Term
| Frederick the Great (1740-1786) |
|
Definition
| -The Prussian ruler who expanded his territory by invading the duchy of Silesia and defeating Maria Theresa of Austria. |
|
|
Term
| Frederick William (1640-1688) |
|
Definition
| -The "Great Elector," who built a strong Prussian army and infused military values into Prussian society. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -The style in seventeenth-century art and literature resembling the arts in the ancient world and in the Renaissance-e.g., the works of Poussin, Moliere, and Racine. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -The last aristocratic revolt against a French monarch. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -A reference to the political events of 1688-1689, when James II abdicated his throne and was replaced by his daughter Mary and her husband, Prince William of Orange. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -The legal protection that prohibits the imprisonment of a subject without demonstrated cause. |
|
|
Term
| Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) |
|
Definition
| -Political theorist advocating absolute monarchy based on his concept of an anarchic state of nature. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -The period of Cromwellian rule (1649-1659), between the Stuart dynastic rules of Charles I and Charles II. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Stuart monarch who ignored constitutional principles and asserted the divine right of kings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Final Stuart ruler; he was forced to abdicate in favor of William and Mary, who agreed to the Bill of Rights, guaranteeing parliamentary supremacy. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Political theorist who defended the Glorious Revolution with the argument that all people are born with certain natural rights to life, liberty, and property. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Also known as the "Sun King"; the ruler of France who established the supremacy of absolutism in seventeenth-century Europe. |
|
|
Term
| Maria Theresa, (1740-1780) |
|
Definition
| -Archduchess of Austria, queen of Hungary, who lost the Hapsburg possession of Silesia to Frederick the Great but was able to keep her other Austrian territories. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Governmental policies by which the state regulates the economy, through taxes, tariffs, subsidies, laws. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -The disciplined fighting force of Protestants led by Oliver Cromwell in the English civil war. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -The pact concluding the War of the Spanish Succession, forbidding the union of France with Spain, and conferring control of Gibraltar on England. |
|
|
Term
| Peter the Great (1682-1725 |
|
Definition
| -The Romanov czar who initiated the westernization of Russian society by traveling to the West and incorporating techniques of manufacturing as well as manners and dress. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Parliamentary document that restricted the king's power. Most notably, it called for recognition of the writ of habeas corpus and held that only Parliament could impose new taxes. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -A reference to the English civil war (1642-1646), waged to determine whether sovereignty would reside in the monarch or in Parliament. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Protestant sect in England hoping to "purify" the Anglican church of Roman Catholic traces in practice and organization. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -The return of the Stuart monarchy (1660) after the period of republican government under Cromwell-in fact, a military dictatorship. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Law prohibiting Catholics and dissenters to hold political office. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -Palace constructed by Louis XIV outside of Paris to glorify his rule and subdue the nobility. |
|
|
Term
| War of the Spanish Succession (1701-1713) |
|
Definition
| -The last of Louis XIV's wars involving the issue of succession to the Spanish throne. |
|
|
Term
| William of Orange (1672-1702) |
|
Definition
| -Dutch prince and foe of Louis XIV who became king of England in 1689. |
|
|
