Term
| abnormality of cardiac function that leads to the inability of the heart to pump blood to meet the body's basic metaoblic needs or when it can do so only with an elevated fillinf pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| Some of the causes of congestive heart failure |
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Definition
1. coronary artery disease
2. Systemic hypertension
3. Valvular disease
4. diabetes |
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Term
| genetic mutations of sarcomeric proteins an cause |
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Definition
| cardiac hypertrophy and dilation |
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Term
| genetic reduction of SERCA predisposes a patient to |
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Definition
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Term
| One of the major risk factors for developing CHF |
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Definition
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Term
| saromeric disorganization leads to |
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Definition
| eccentric hypertophy of the cardiac muscle and increases the chances of the cell undergoing apoptosis |
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Term
| How does a cardiomyopathy that impairs cardiac contractile function affect the Frank-Starling curve? |
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Definition
| damage to the heart's contractility leads to dereased cardiac output (shifts the graph down and to the right |
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Term
| the pressure that drives venous return back to the heart. |
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Definition
| MSP Mean systemic pressure |
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Term
| a structural abnormality due to ischemic heart disease that causes an abnormal amount of blood to regurgitate to the left atria |
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Definition
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Term
| increased LA volume and pressure, reduce LV cardiac output and overloaded LV during diastole are effects of |
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Definition
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Term
| high LA pressure that leads to pulmonary congestion and edema are effects of |
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Definition
| acute mitral regurgitation |
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Term
| normal LA pressure and compliance (normal LA pressure and pulmonary venous pressure) and low cardiac output leading to fatigue are sypmtoms of |
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Definition
| chronic mitral reguritation |
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Term
| when the heart has a holoststolic murmur the patient has |
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Definition
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Term
| difficulty breathing at night |
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Definition
| paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea |
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Term
| paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, nocturnal cough, dyspnea on ordinary exertion and fatigue are symptoms of |
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Definition
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Term
| thing that will be seen durinf the physical exam of a person with heart failure |
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Definition
1. elevated jugular venous pressure
2. rales in lungs
3. pulmonary edema
4. enlarged liver
5. ankle edema |
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Term
| Why are ANP and BNP levels increased in CHF? |
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Definition
| there is an inreased stretch in the aorta so ANP and BNP are increased during Hearft failure |
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Term
| Why do CHF patients complain of shortness of breath |
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Definition
| increased interstitual fluid in the lungs due to the increase hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries ausing fluid to go into to alveoli |
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Term
| why does a ongestive heart failure heart have a high wall tension |
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Definition
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Term
| Why do heart failure patients have a particular problem breathing at night when they lay flat? |
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Definition
| the body is now in a supine position so blood drains from the lower extermies to the heart, increasing veous return, increasing the hydrostatic pressure, increasing the amount of interstitual fluid in the alveli |
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Term
| what system is activated to respond to a decrease in cardiac output |
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Definition
| sypathetic nervous system |
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Term
| during decrease cardiac output how will the vessels respond |
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Definition
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Term
| the kidneys response to decreased cardiac output |
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Definition
| retains water due to decreased cardiac output |
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Term
| how will the venous return curve be affected |
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Definition
| the venous return curve up and to the right due to an increase in fluid |
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Term
| drugs that can help people with congestive heart failure |
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Definition
| cardiac gylcoside, diuretics, ACE-inhibitor |
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Term
| a cardiac glycoside that is used to inrease contractility by increasing the amount of interellular calcium |
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Definition
| digitalis (positive iontrophic effect) |
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Term
| the effects of digitalis on life expectancy |
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Definition
| does mot prolong survival, only keeps the patient more comfrotable |
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Term
| 2 chemicals that lead to vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and ventriular remodeling |
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Definition
| angiotensin II and Norepinephrine |
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Term
| what compounds help people with heart failure live longer |
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Definition
| vasodilators (isosorbide and hydralazine) |
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