Term
| Why are more and more people living with congenital heart defects? |
|
Definition
| b/c they can be fixed with surgery |
|
|
Term
| What four congenital heart defects are commonly found in Trisomy 21? |
|
Definition
| ASD, VSD, PDA, Tetralogy of Fallot |
|
|
Term
| What What two congenital cardiac defects are associated with 22q11 syndromes? |
|
Definition
Truncus Arteriosus
Tetralogy of Fallot |
|
|
Term
| What congenital cardiac defect is associated with Turner's syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What congenital heart defect is most common with a diabetic mother's offspring? |
|
Definition
| transposition of great vessels |
|
|
Term
| What congenital heart defects (3) is commonly seen in patient's with congenital rubella? |
|
Definition
septal defects
pulmonary stenosis
PDA |
|
|
Term
| What two trisomies are commonly assocaited with congenital heart defects? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What siezure drug can lead to aorta problems and septal defects? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If cyanosis is chronic what abnormality in the fingers can be expected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three congenital heart diseases that lead to late cyanosis and are L to R shunts? |
|
Definition
Atrial septal defect
ventricle septal defect
PDA |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common septal defect and where within that septum is it most common? |
|
Definition
ventricular septal defect
membranous part |
|
|
Term
| What gene is associated with Ventricular Septal Defects? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gene is associated with atrial septal defects? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Eisenmenger's syndrome? |
|
Definition
| when a L to R heart condition causes overload in the pulmonary system causing an increase in pressure on the right side; thus reversing the shunt from R to L |
|
|
Term
| What is Eisenmenger's complex? |
|
Definition
| Tetralogy of Fallot w/o pulmonary stenosis |
|
|
Term
| What subtype of pulmonary stenosis is present in Tetralogy of Fallot? |
|
Definition
| subvalvular pulmonary stenosis |
|
|
Term
| What two genes are commonly mutated in tetralogy of Fallot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you call tetralogy of fallot when the pulmonary stenosis is mild? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a common infection that can develop in congenital heart disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which virus is associated with septal defects, PDA, and pulmonary stenosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When would an atrial septal defect go R to L opposed to its normal L to R?
Why?
What is the danager of it? |
|
Definition
coughing or valsalva movement
due to decreased interthoracic volume and increased pulmonary pressure causing a temporary rise in pressure above the Left heart
embolis |
|
|
Term
| What are the two subtypes of atrial septal defects and which is more common? |
|
Definition
ostium primum
ostium secundum (most common) |
|
|
Term
| What type of S2 sound is present in an atrial septal defect? |
|
Definition
| wide, split, and fixed S2 |
|
|
Term
| What is Lutembacher's syndrome? |
|
Definition
| when mitral stenosis is present with atrial septal defect |
|
|
Term
| What are the two major subdivisions of pulmonary hypertension? What are the corresponding reasons? |
|
Definition
primary- unknown etiology
secondary- arterial, venous, increased pulmonary flow |
|
|
Term
| In secondary pulmonary hypertension, what are the different types of arterial and venous causes? |
|
Definition
arterial: emboli,vasoconstriction
venous: pulmonary stenosis |
|
|
Term
| What congenital heart disease would cause pulmonary hypertension due to increased blood flow to the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which congenital heart disease is most common in females? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of murmur does patent ductus arteriosus present with? |
|
Definition
| ejection "machinary like" |
|
|
Term
What keeps the ductus arteriosus patent?
What drug can be used to close it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the four R to L shunting, cyanosis congenital heart diseases? |
|
Definition
tetralogy of fallot
truncus arteriosus
tricuspid atresia
transposition of great vessels |
|
|
Term
| What are the four defects that the tetralogy of fallot presents with? |
|
Definition
overridding aorta
subvalvular pulmonary stenosis
right ventricular hypertrophy
ventricular septal defect |
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of tetralogy of fallot? |
|
Definition
| septum displacment to the left |
|
|
Term
| How can one help to alleviate the symptoms of the R to L shunt congenital heart diseases? |
|
Definition
| squat to increase systemic pressure |
|
|
Term
| What heart shape is seen on x-ray of tetralogy of fallot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you modernly treat Tetralogy of Fallot? |
|
Definition
enlarge pulmonary outflow tract
patch VSD |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cyanotic congenital heart disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of spells (symptoms of spell) are present in infant patients with tetralogy of fallot? |
|
Definition
| "tet spells" restlessness, crying, increased depth of breathing (hyperpnea) |
|
|
Term
| What is the main reason for truncus arteriosus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the reason for transposition of the great vessels? |
|
Definition
| incomplete spiral during truncus arteriosus development |
|
|
Term
Where is the normal aortic infundibulim in respect to pulmonary artery?
Where does it re-locate during transposition of great vessels? |
|
Definition
posterior and to the left
is anterior and to the right in TGA |
|
|
Term
| What sex is transposition, aortic stenosis, and coartation of the aorta most common in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is needed in order to survive with transposition? |
|
Definition
patent ductus arteriosus
VSD |
|
|
Term
| What gene is common with tricuspid atresia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is true of the RV in tricuspid atresia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three subtypes of stenotic valves? |
|
Definition
subvalvular
supravalvular
valvular |
|
|
Term
| In valvular pulmonary stenosis what often occurs distal to the stenosis? Why? |
|
Definition
| dilation due to turbulance |
|
|
Term
What genes (2) are common to pulmonary stenosis?
What virus is commonly associated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gene is common in aortic stenosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What gene is associated with coarctation of the aorta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of coarctation of aorta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between the two types of coarctation of aorta? |
|
Definition
infantile: proximal to the patent ductus arteriosus
adult: the ductus is closed and constricting teh flow |
|
|
Term
| Which type of coarctation presents with lower extremity cyanosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of coractation presents with high BP in arms and low BP in legs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which type of coarctation of the aorta is associated with rib notching and why? |
|
Definition
| adult b/c of anastamosis with internal mammary and intercostal from the subclavian arteries |
|
|
Term
Which ventricle is hypertrophy in coarctation of aorta?
What type of murmur?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of aortic valve is common in coarctation of aorta? |
|
Definition
|
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