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| Collection of sayings of Conficius compiled by his disciples; one of the Four Books. |
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| "Rectification of names"; people should behave according to titles they hold. |
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| The physical element of being. |
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| Chinese philosopher who formulated the Confucian canon and established Neo-Confucianist thought. |
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| "Spring and Autumn Annals," history of the Lu state; one of the Five Classics. |
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| "Golden mean" principle of moderation; one of Four Books which has same title. |
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| Founder of Confucianism, "opponent" of Lao Tzu. |
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| Filial piety; the respect due to parents, elders, and superiors. |
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| "Book of Changes," helps identify materials with their associated yin and yang properties; one of Five Classics. |
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| "Human-heartedness" of "true manhood"; goal of a Confucian education. |
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| Li (rational principle in Neo-Confucianism) |
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| Impels the vital physical force in every object toward movement or generation. |
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| Good manners, politeness, courtesy. Proper way to relate to people. |
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| "Book of Ritual," discussing meanings of rituals; one of the Five Classics. |
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| Disciple of Confucius and influential interpreter of his doctrines. |
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| "Book of Mencius"; one of Four Books, compilation of Mencius's teachings. |
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| "Book of Poetry," containing song lyrics; of the Five Classics. |
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| "Book of History," featuring saying and doing of the ancient sage-kings; one of the Five Classics. |
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| "Great Learning";discourse on promoting order in society through self-cultivation. One of Four Books and was the "primer" text in a classical Confucian education. |
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| "Heaven"; the supreme "deity" through much of Chinese history. |
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