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Definition
| the fundamental hereditary material of all living organisms. In eukaryotes, stored primarily in the cell nucleus. A nucleic acid using deoxyribose rather than ribose. DNA is a double helix made up of two antiparallel polynucleotide chains. The two chains are joined by hydrogen bonds between the nucleotide bases, which pair specifically: A with T, G with C. |
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Definition
| a polymer made up of nucleotides, specialized for the storage, transmission and expression of genetic information. DNA and RNA are nucleic acids. |
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| a nucleotide without the phosphate group; a nitrogenous base attached to a sugar |
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| the basic chemical unit in nucleic acids, consisting of a pentose sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogen containing base. |
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| Nucleoside triphosphate (NTP) |
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Definition
| is a molecule containing a nucleoside bound to three phosphate groups. It is thus one type of nucleotide. |
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Definition
| an often single stranded nucleic acid whose nucleotides use ribose rather than deoxyribose and in which the base uracil replaces thymine found in DNA Serves as genome from some viruses. |
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Definition
| one of the two types of nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids. Each of the purines, adenine and guanine pairs with a specific pyrimidine. Two fused rings. |
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Definition
| one of the two types of nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids. each of the pyrimidines (Cytosine, thymine and uracil) pairs with a specific purine. Single ring. |
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Definition
| a nitrogen containing base found in nucelic acids, ATP, NAD and other compounds |
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Definition
| a nitrogen containing base found in DNA, RNA and GTP |
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Definition
| a nitrogen containing base found in DNA and RNA |
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Definition
| nitrogen containing base found in DNA |
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Definition
| a pyrimidine base found in nucleotides of RNA |
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Definition
| five carbon sugar found in nucleotides and RNA |
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Definition
| a five carbon sugar found in nucleotides and DNA |
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Term
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Definition
| A deoxyribonucleotide is the monomer, or single unit, of DNA, or deoxyribonucleic acid. Each deoxyribonucleotide comprises three parts: a nitrogenous base, a deoxyribose sugar, and one phosphate group. |
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Definition
| the connection in a nucleic acid stand, formed by linking two nucleotides |
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| The 5′-end designates the end of the DNA or RNA strand that has the fifth carbon in the sugar-ring of the deoxyribose or ribose at its terminus. |
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Term
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Definition
| The 3′-end of a strand is so named due to it terminating at the hydroxyl group of the third carbon in the sugar-ring, and is known as the tail end. |
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Definition
| refers to DNA and the usually right handed coil configuartion of two complementary anti parallel stranfs |
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Term
| complementary base pairing |
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Definition
| The AT (or AU), TA (or UA), CG and GC pairing of bases in double stranded DNA, in transcription and between tRNA and mRNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| The strand backbones are closer together on one side of the helix than on the other. The major groove occurs where the backbones are far apart, the minor groove occurs where they are close together. The grooves twist around the molecule on opposite sides. Certain proteins bind to DNA to alter its structure or to regulate transcription (copying DNA to RNA) or replication (copying DNA to DNA). It is easier for these DNA binding proteins to interact with the bases (the internal parts of the DNA molecule) on the major groove side because the backbones are not in the way. |
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Definition
| the duplication of genetic material |
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Definition
| DNA is usually a right-handed helix. If you curl the fingers of your right hand and point your thumb upward the curve of the helix follows the direction of your fingers and it winds upward in the direction of your thumb |
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Definition
| the synthesis of RNA using one strand of DNA as a template |
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Definition
| the synthesis of protein (polypeptide) takes place on ribosomes, using the information encoded in messenger RNA |
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Definition
| the transcription and translation into a protein of the information (nucletoide sequence) contained in a gene |
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Definition
| the complete DNA sequence for a particular organism or individual |
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Definition
| a unit of heredity. used here as the unit of genetic function which carries the information for a polypeptide or RNA |
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Definition
| Chargaff's rules states that DNA from any cell of all organisms should have a 1:1 ratio (base Pair Rule) of pyrimidine and purine bases and, more specifically, that the amount of guanine is equal to cytosine and the amount of adenine is equal to thymine. This pattern is found in both strands of the DNA. |
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Definition
| In the conservative model, the parental molecule directs synthesis of an entirely new double-stranded molecule, such that after one round of replication, one molecule is conserved as two old strands. This is repeated in the second round. |
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Term
| semi conservative replication |
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Definition
| In the semi-conservative model, the two parental strands separate and each makes a copy of itself. After one round of replication, the two daughter molecules each comprises one old and one new strand. Note that after two rounds, two of the DNA molecules consist only of new material, while the other two contain one old and one new strand. |
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Definition
| In the dispersive model, material in the two parental strands is distributed more or less randomly between two daughter molecules. In the model shown here, old material is distributed symmetrically between the two daughters molecules. Other distributions are possible. |
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Term
| Meselson-Stahl experiment |
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Definition
| supported the hypothesis that DNA replication was semiconservative. In semiconservative replication, when the double stranded DNA helix is replicated, each of the two new double-stranded DNA helices consisted of one strand from the original helix and one newly synthesized. It has been called "the most beautiful experiment in biology |
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Term
| origin of replication (ori) |
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Definition
| DNA sequence at which helicase unwinds the DNA double helix and DNA polymerase binds to initiate DNA replication |
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Definition
| a point at which a DNA molecule is replicating. the fork forms by the unwinding of the parent molecule |
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Definition
| strand of nucleic acid, usually RNA, that is the necessary starting material for the synthesis of a new DNA strand, which is synthesized from the 3' end of the primer |
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Definition
| an enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of a primer for DNA replication |
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Definition
| pertaining to an enzyme that catalyzes many reactions each time it binds to a substrate, as DNA polymerase does during DNA replication |
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Definition
| a molecule or surface on which another molecular is synthesized in a complementary fashion, as in the replication of DNA |
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Definition
| in double stranded DNA, the strand that is transcribed to create an RNA transcript that will be processed into a protein. Also refers to a strand of RNA that is used to create a complementary RNA |
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Definition
| repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes |
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Definition
| an enzyme that catalyzes the addition of telomeric sequences lost from chromosomes during DNA replication |
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| single strand binding protein |
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Definition
| in DNA replication, a protein that binds to single strands of DNA after they have been separated from each other, keeping the two strands separate for replication |
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Definition
| protein complex that keeps DNA polymerase bound to DNA during replication |
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Definition
| in DNA replication, the daughter strand that is synthesized continuously |
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Definition
| in DNA replication, the daughter strand that is synthesized in discontinuous stretches |
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Definition
| newly formed DNA making up the lagging strand in DNA replication. DNA ligase links Okazaki fragments together to give a continuous strand |
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Definition
| an enzyme that unwinds the double helix |
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