Term
| 3 things blood blood transports |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| transportatin, distribution of nutrients, thermoregulation, constant pH coagulation, immunity |
|
|
Term
| t/f water is denser and thicker than blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| blood is ___% of an animal's body weight |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a _______ (test) deturmines the % of RBC present in a blood sample |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is albumin produced? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Na, K and Cl are what in the plasma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| electrolytes are essential to maintaining what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the liquid portion of blood that remains after it has clotted |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Coggins test requires serum/plasma |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the process of formation and develpment of the formed elemnts of the blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cells that can replicate themselves or give rise to differtentiated cell lines that develop along one of two pathways |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| part of a stem cell that is the part that results in RBC, WBC and platets |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the path from a stem cell that WBC develop from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| t/f RBC can deform to move through capillaries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the shape of a RBC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| mammle/avian RBC have a nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the specialized protien in RBC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| macrophanges in the speen, bonemarrow and liver remove what from the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| monocyte-macrophage system does what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| t/f WBC have no nucleus or organells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WBC are ___% of the blood volume |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the who classes of WBC? |
|
Definition
| granulocytes and agranulocytes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| polymorphonucleal leucocytes |
|
|
Term
| neutrophils represent ___% of the WBC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how do Neutrophils exit the circulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what cells can produce hydrogen peroxide to perforate cell walls? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the smooth nucleus of a young neutrophil? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| abnormally low number of circulating neutrophils |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increased number of circulating neutrophils |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| eosinophils represent ___% of WBCs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what WBC contain digestive enzymes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which cells are agianst parasites and allergic responses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the rarest granulocyte? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what granulocyte contains histamine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| t/f histamine attracts WBC |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a monocyte is a granulocyte/agranulocyte |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Monocytes represent __% of WBCs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the nucleus of a monocyte is in what shape? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| t/f monocytes have no organells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are found in the spleen, kupffer cells in the liver and alveolar in the lungs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| macrophages play a role in processing what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lymphocytes represent ____ % of WBCs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which WBC function in specific immune reponses and immune serveillance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the three types of lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which lymphocytes play a role in humoral immunity and are the precursors of plasma cell which produce antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which lymphocytes have a primary role in cellular immunity and there are several types |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| whchi lymphocyes are involeved in cell mediated cytotoxicity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what anucleate secretory cells play a major role in blood clotting? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are fragments of megakaryocytes which are large cells in the bone marrow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| t/f platelets have a nucleus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what's function is to adhere to blood vessels and to each other at the site of an injury forming a blood clot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what carries blood away from the heart ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| things that arise from the capillaries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| carry blood back to the right atrium of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 3 layers of the vessel wall |
|
Definition
1.tunic interna/intima
2.tunica media
3.
tunica externa or adventita |
|
|
Term
| what layer of the vessel wall contains the endothelium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a simple squamous epithelium lining the lumen of the vessel |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| loose CT basement membrane where the endothelium is |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| layer of the vessel wall that is of circular smooth muscle and elastin that is thicker in arteries than veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| decrease in lumen diameter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does stimulation by the sympathetic nervous system do? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| increase in lumen diameter |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| layer of the vessel wall that contains loosely woven collagen fibers that serve to reinforce and protect the vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| layer of the vessel wall that contains nerves and lymphatic vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| arteris near the hart that contain a large portion of elastic fibersin the tunica media |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Aa that have a large diameter with little resistance to blood flow and can expand to accommodate the blood ejected from the ventricles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the aorta and brachiocephalic are what Aa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the common caratid, dubclavian and vertebra Aa are what kind of A? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the pulmonary and iliac Aa are what kind of A? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the terminal protions that deliver blood to capillaries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what vessels are entirely compsed of endothelium and are where nutrient and gas exchange occurs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| whater are capillaries not found? |
|
Definition
| epithelium, cornea, lens and cartilage |
|
|
Term
| true capillaries have a precapillary ____ (type of M) at the origin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sinusoidal, fenestrated and continuous |
|
|
Term
| most common type of cappilarie |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why are ther intercellualr gaps b/t cells in continuous capillaries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| t/f gas exchange does not occur in the brain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| type of capillarie that contain pores or fenestration in the endothelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 places fenestrated capillaries are common |
|
Definition
| 1. kidneys 2. sm intestine 3. chorid plexus 4. ciliary process of the eye 5. endocrine glands |
|
|
Term
| type of capillaries with large irregualrly shaped lumens and large fenestrations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| type of capillaries that lack a complete basement membrane and cause them to leak |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5 places you would find a sinusoidal capillarie |
|
Definition
| 1.liver 2.bone marrow 3.lymphoid tissue 4.pituitary 5.parathyroid gland |
|
|
Term
| what has vessal wall that contain the tunica interna and tunica media only when small |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when venules coverge, what is the result? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what have valves that are directed toward the heart to prevent backflow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| veins contain up to ___% of the volume of blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a communicatin b/t blood vessels when referring to the circulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| communication b/t an artery and a vein |
|
Definition
| arteriovenous anastomosis |
|
|
Term
| what is communication b/t neighboring arteries? |
|
Definition
| interarterial anastomosis |
|
|
Term
| the purpose of what is to provide collateral pathways through which circulation can be maintained if the principal rout e is blocked |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| two capillary beds with a portal vessel b/t them |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| whay type of portal system is associated with the anterior pituitary gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the capillaries in the median eminence of the _______ merge to form a series of vessels that wrap around the infundibulum and form a second capillary bed on the ______ (part of) pituitary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| capillaries in the digestive tract merge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the capillaries in the digestive tract merge to form what Vv? |
|
Definition
| cranial and caudal mesentric and splenic Vv |
|
|
Term
| the left/right side of the heart is cranial |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the apex is the pointed/rounded end of the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the base is at the top/bottom |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what part of the heart is attached to the large veins, arteries and pericardial sac? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what separtes the atria and the ventricles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the outflow area of the right ventricle into the pulmonary trunk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the groove nest to the conus arteriosus |
|
Definition
| paraconal interventricular groove |
|
|
Term
| the groove that is on the caudal aspect of the atrial surface and is ventral to the coronary sinus |
|
Definition
| subsinuosal interventricular groove |
|
|
Term
| a serous membrane partially surrounding the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the viseral/parital layer of the heart is tightly adhered to the heart and is also called the epicardium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the visceral/parietal layer of the heart is continuous with visceral pericardium and reinforced by a superficial fibrous pericardium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the space b/t the two layers of the heart |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the fluid that is inside the pericardial cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pericardial fluid allows what? |
|
Definition
| easy movement of the heart within the pericardium |
|
|
Term
| the apex/base of th heart of cattle lies close to the diaphragm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the fibrous pericardium is thin/thick |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the lig. in the dog that attaches the heart to the diaphragm and or the sternum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the lig. in ruminants that attaches the heart to the diaphragm and or the sternum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 3 layers of the heart? |
|
Definition
| epicardium, myocardium and endocardium |
|
|
Term
| which layer of the heard is the bulk of the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which layer of the heart has striated cells and intercalated disks that connect the cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which layer of the heart is a layer of simple squamous epithelium lining the artria and ventricles and heart velves? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the dense CT surroinding the valves and separating the atria from the ventricles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| right atroventricular valve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| left atroventricular valve |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the 2 semilunar valves? |
|
Definition
| pulmonary valve and aortic valve |
|
|
Term
| what are the two types of valves in the heart? |
|
Definition
| atrioventricular; semilunar |
|
|
Term
| when these valves open, the susps push into the ventricles and allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ____ push into the ventricles and allow blood to flow from the atria to the ventricles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| durring the time when atrioventricular valves are open, what M and tendon are relaxed? (atroventricular valves) |
|
Definition
| papillary M and chordae tendinae |
|
|
Term
| when the _______ (part of heart) contract, pressur increases in them and blood is forced back toward the atria (atroventricular valves) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the force of the ventricles contracting causes what to close (atroventricular valves) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the papillary M contract and tighten the chordae tendinae when the ventrical contracts. what does this prevent? (atroventricular valves) |
|
Definition
| the cusps from everting back into the atria |
|
|
Term
| three crescent shaped cusps make up each valve of which of the heart valves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when the _______ (part of the heart) contract, blood is forced into the pulmonary trunk and the aorta causes the valves to open (semilunar valves) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when the ventricles contract/relax, the blood starts to backflow and force the closing of the valves (semilunar valves) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the right atrium receive its blood? |
|
Definition
| cranial and caudal vena cavae, the azyogous veins and the coronary sinus |
|
|
Term
| where is the blood from the coronary sinus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what animals have both a left and right azyogous vein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the interiour of the right atrium/auricle is smooth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the interior of the right atrium/auricle is lined with pecinate muscles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the what serves to increase atrial volume |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a ridge of tissue that diverts inflowing blood from the cranial and caudal veanae cavae to the right atrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the remnant of the foramen oval? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the fetus, what is open between the right and left atria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| attached to the fee margin of each cusp in the tricuspid valve there are what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are connected to papillary muscles in the ventricle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the left/right ventricle has a thinner wall |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why is the right ventricle thinner that the left? |
|
Definition
| b/c it only needs to pump blood through the pulmonary circulation |
|
|
Term
| what are muscle irregularities in the ventricle wall thought to limit blood turbulence within the ventricle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a musclular strand that extends from one side of the ventricle to the other? |
|
Definition
| trabecula septomarginalis |
|
|
Term
| what is the shortcut for propagating the action potential throughout the ventricle? |
|
Definition
| trabecula septomarginalis |
|
|
Term
| what leads into the pulmonary vavle and the pulmonary trunk? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the pulmonary valve has how many of what cusps? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| t/f there is a chordae teninae in the pulmonary valve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the left/right atruim has pecinate muscles and an auricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the left atroventricular vavle b/t the atrium and ventricle has how many cusps? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the left atroventricular valve b/t the atrium and ventricle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what anchors the cusps to papillary Mm in the left ventricle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| why does the left ventricle have a thick wall? |
|
Definition
| it's responsible for pumping blood through the systemic circulation |
|
|
Term
| what is the wall b/t the two ventricles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are two septal defects? |
|
Definition
| congenital and abnormal openings |
|
|
Term
| where does blood exit the left ventricle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many heart sounds? dog and cat |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many heart sounds? horse |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the first sound of a heart is the closing of the ____ vavles and the sencond is the closing of the ____ valves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| murmurs are graded on what number of scale? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| clicks, gurgleing or rushing |
|
|
Term
| what is a specialized group of myocardial cells capable of conducting action potential? |
|
Definition
| sinuatrial/sinoatrial node |
|
|
Term
| what is the sight of the initial action potential that will stimualte contraction of the ventricles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is located in the interatrial septum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what conducts the impulse through the atroventricular bundle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what passes through the fibrous skeleton to the ventricles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the cells of the atrioventricular bundle called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do cardiac nerves originate? |
|
Definition
| cervicothoracic ganglion, the first few thoracic ganglion of the sympahtetic trunk |
|
|
Term
| cordiac nerves belong to the parasympathetic/sympathetic nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are preganglionic fibers? |
|
Definition
| vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves |
|
|
Term
| there are clusters of what in the heart? |
|
Definition
| intramural ganglionic cells |
|
|
Term
| intramural ganglionic cells and preganglionic fibers are part of the parasympathetic/sympathetic nerves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the cardia M, the cells are strait/cubodital |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cells in the cardiac M are connected by what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are specialized intercellular junctions that allow passage of an action potential throughout the entire organ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is located near the entrance of the cudal vena cava into the right atrium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what spontaneously depolarized creating an AP that is propagated through the rest of the heart? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the node that spontaneous AP from the sinuatrial node is propagated through the atria to another group of specialized myocardial cells |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is located near the right atrioventricular valve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the third group of specialized mycoardial cells in the interventriuclar system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| branches of the Bundle of His carry the AP to the what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fibers distibut the AP through the bentricles to the apex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fibers travle up through the ventricule outer walls toward the atria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what fibers supply the papillary M? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the M that are connected by chordae tendae to the R and L AV valves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the paillary Mm is connected by what to the R and L AV valves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the relaxation phase of the heart cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the contraction phase of the heart cycle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the ventricles/atria contract followed by the contraction of the ventricles/atria |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what period of the heart cycle is the heart relaxed and blood passively returns to the atria? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which heart cycle do the ventricles begin to fill passivley to about 70% capacity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what's the heart cycle that begins with depolarization of the SA node |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what's the part of the heart cycle that begins with depolarization of the SA node? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what's the part of the heart cycle that the atria contract but the ventricles are still relaxed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what's the part of the heart cycle that causes the ventricles to completely fill? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what's the part of the heart cycle that the atria are relaxed and the ventricles contract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what's the part of the heart cycle that immediatly follows repolarization of the ventricles and they relax |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what's the part of the heart cycle that backflow of blood in the pulmonary trunk and aorta causes the semilunar valves to close |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (SA) what is the wight of the trunk supported by? |
|
Definition
| srratus ventralis thoracis |
|
|
Term
| (SA) to prevent the collapes of the thoracic joints in a horse, what is associated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (SA) the tendon of the biceps brachii M is ____ and partly ______. where does it cross? |
|
Definition
| broad; cartilaginous; the extensor surface of the shoulder |
|
|
Term
| (SA) what connects the biceps brachii M with that of the proximal extensor carpi radialis M? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (SA) the arrangement of ligaments does what in relation to shoulder movement when the thoracic limb bears weight? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (SA) what contributes to the stability of the elbow ant the carpus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (SA) the primary support of what joints are the suspensory ligament, proximal sesmoid bones and ligaments to the sesmoid bones? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (SA) what resists hypertension of the coffin joint? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (SA)what helps the support of the flexor Mm without muscular effort due to their presence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (SA) what is the ligament that attaches to the caudal aspect of the distal radius and the tendon's origin near the carpus? |
|
Definition
| accessory lig. of the SDFM/proximal/raidal check lig. |
|
|
Term
| (SA) what arises from the palmar carpal ligaments and joins the DDF distal to the carpus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (SA) what arises from the plantar tarus and poximal metatarsus? |
|
Definition
| accessory lig. of the DDF |
|
|
Term
| (SA)what keeps the rear leg from collapsing when weight bearing and allows stifle and hock flex or extend in unison? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (SA) where does the equine patella have a hook shape? |
|
Definition
| medial patellar cartilage |
|
|
Term
| (SA) how many patellar lig. insert on the tibial tuberosity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when a horse stands at rest, the patella is pulled poximally/distally to allow the medial patellar lig. and parpatellar cartilage to be _____ over the large medial rige of the ________ of the femur. |
|
Definition
| proximally; hooked; trochlea |
|
|
Term
| (SA) what of the pelvic limb arises from the distocaudal femur to the calcanean tuber and digit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| (SA) what arises from the lateral femoral condyle to the tarsus and proximal metatarsus? |
|
Definition
| peroneus tertius (fibularis tertius) |
|
|
Term
| why do horses have to lay down to enter REM sleep? |
|
Definition
| some voluntary Mm are paralyzed |
|
|
Term
| what are the three divisions of the circulatory system? |
|
Definition
| pulmonary, systemic, cardiac |
|
|
Term
| where does the pulmonary trunk arise from? |
|
Definition
| conus arteriosus of the right ventricle |
|
|
Term
| what divides into the right and left pulmonary arteries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what combine to become pulmonary veins? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F the pulmonary veins have many vlaves |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the pulmonary veins deliver blood to the right/left atrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| as a rule of thumb, veins carry blood with high O2/CO2 levels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Arteries/Veins carry O2-ed blood |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F arteries carry O2-ed blood to all tissues and organs |
|
Definition
| F-not the pulmonary trunk and veins |
|
|
Term
| venous blood is dark/bright? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| arterial blood is dark/bright? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what rise from the base of the aorta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what circles the heart in the atrioventricular groove b/t the atria and ventricles? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the circumflex branch is part of the left/right coronary artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the paraconal interventricular branch is left/right coronary artery |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the left/right coronary artery travels and encircles the right side of the heart in the coronary groove |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the left/right coronary artery can extend into the subsinosal interventricular groove |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which type of circulation travles to the digestive tract, Mm, Kidneys, brain, liver and repro organs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what extend crainially from the left ventricle and is covered by pericardium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the spot called where the aorta makes a sharp turn dorsally and caudally from the ascending aorta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the first branch of the aortic arch called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what animals only have a brachiocephlic trunk to the aortic arch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the second branch of the aortic arch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the thoracic limb blood supply come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a branch that supplies the neck and cranial thoracic wall? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where do the caratid arteris arise from to supply the head and brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the vertebral Aa that supply the spinal chord are branches of what Aa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the internal thoracic arteries that are located ventrally in the tohacic cavity are branches of what Aa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the superficial cervical arteries to the area of the superficial cervical Aa are branches of what Aa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| pares of which Aa leave the aorta at the level of each rib to supply the thoracic wall and epaxial Mm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| spinal brnaches of what Aa supply the spinal cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what runs along the caudal edges of the ribs to anastomose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| opening of an organ :) :) |
|
|
Term
| after the aorta passes through the aortic hiatus of the diaphragm, what does it become? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the abdominal aorta courses caudelly and ends as what Aa? |
|
Definition
| external/internal iliac Aa |
|
|
Term
| what Aa are paired sets of arteries that arise form the dorsal aspecrt o f the aorta to suppy the epaxial Mm and the spinal cord by way of spinal branches? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| renal, testicular and ovarian Aa are from what aorta branch? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a large unpaired arter that arises from the abdominal aorta shorly after it exits the abdominal aorta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the three branches of the celia artery? |
|
Definition
| hepatic, splenic, and left gastric |
|
|
Term
| in what species is the celiac artery branched more complex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which celiac artery supplies the liver, right stomach/abomasum, cranial duodenum and pancreas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which celiac artery supplies the spleen, and the greater left side of the stomach/abomassum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which celiac artery supplies the lesser left stomach? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the unpaired artery arising just caudal to the celiac artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which artery supplies the small intestine, large intestin, cecum and pancreas? |
|
Definition
| cranial mesenteric artery |
|
|
Term
| which Aa is the most caudal unpaired branch of the abdominal aorta? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which abdominal aorta branch branches supply to the caudal part of the lg intestine and the rectum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the left colic A, middle colic A and cranial mesenteric A form what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what A is close to the origin of the external iliac A? |
|
Definition
| deep circumflex iliac artery |
|
|
Term
| what supply the pelvis and pelvic limb? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the gastric arteris are located where? |
|
Definition
| lesser curvature of the stomach |
|
|
Term
| the gastroepiploic aa are located where? |
|
Definition
| the greater curvature of the stomach |
|
|
Term
| the left AA are toward the pylorus/fundus of the stomach while the right are toward the pylorus/fundus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what Aa lie within the carotid sheath? |
|
Definition
| common carotid Aa and vagosympathetic trunk |
|
|
Term
| the common carotid Aa divide into what? |
|
Definition
| cranial and caudal thyroid Aa |
|
|
Term
| near the larynx, the common carotid A divides into what Aa? |
|
Definition
| internal/external carotid Aa |
|
|
Term
| what supplies the face, tongue, nasal and oral cavities? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which Aa exit the thorax enterin axillary regions to becom the axillary artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after exiting the htorax and enterin gthe axillary regions, the subclavian arteris become what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when the axillary artery enters the limb, it is then called what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| distal to the elbow, the axillary artery becomes what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what supplies the antebrachium, carpus and digit |
|
Definition
| branches of the median artery |
|
|
Term
| what supplies the caudoventral parts of the abdominal wall and structures of the inguinal region? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the area of the caudal stife, the femoral artery becomes what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the poplitea A divides into which Aa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what supplies the Mm of the crus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what supplies the distal pelvic limb? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what supply the pelvis, hipa dn urogenital tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vaginal/prosteic A, urethral A, perineal A and penis/clit Aa are branches of which A? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which A passes over the ramus of the mandible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which artery is ued for a pulse in small animals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F most veins have the same name as arteries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which V can be found in the jugular groove of the neck and is frequently used to collect blood in small and lg animlas as well as the site of IV placement in lg animals? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which V is frequently used in small animals for collecting blood smples or IV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what Vv are in the pelvic limb? |
|
Definition
| meidal and lateral sphenous Vv |
|
|
Term
| what V would be used if a horse was comming out of anisteisia too soon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what A supplies the tail in cows? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the large vein that delivers blood to the liver from the draining of the GI tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the two umbilical Aa in a fetus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does the urachus in the fetal umbilical A go to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F there is blood supply to a fetus' lungs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small conduit b/t the pulmonary trunk and aorta in a fetus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the ductus arteriosis become after birth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| after the foramen ovale closes permanently, it becomes what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| failure of the ductus venous to close |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the spleen, thymus, lymph nodes and centers and lymphatic ducts are what system? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| swelling of the distal limbs in horses kept in stalls for long periods would have this disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the fluid found in the lymphatic system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lymphocytes, inorganic salts glucose and protiens are found in what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lymph derived from the digestion system |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| milky looking high lipid count lymph |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lymph vessel that channels lymph from caudal lymph centers to the vena cava |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lymphoid tissue scattered throughout the body along the lymph vessels |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| branches from CT capsule of a lymph node that penetrate the node |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the three parts of a lymph node? |
|
Definition
| cortex, paracortec and medulla |
|
|
Term
| primary/decondary lymph noduels have germinal centers that are areas of rapid B lymphocyte creation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deep to the capsule of the lymph node is this structure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does lymph enter the subcapsular sinus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where is lymph filtered in a node? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where does lymph exit a node? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what animal's lymph node anatomy is reversed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what animals have hemal nodes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| small, dark nodes that resemble lymph nodes but have blood in thier sinuses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which nodes do we palpate in an exam of small animals? |
|
Definition
| superficial cervical, poplitea and inguinal nodes |
|
|
Term
| a lyphoid organ located in the left cranial abdomen and is joind by a ligament to the stomach |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what color pulp is the soft tissue part or paranchyma of the spleen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| red pulp consists of what? |
|
Definition
| spleen with blood vessels |
|
|
Term
| white pulp consists of what? |
|
Definition
| foci nodueles that produc B and T WBC and phagocytic cells |
|
|
Term
| what suppleis the arterial supply to the speen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vv from the speen drian to what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. blood storage
2. clean blood
3. destroy old RBC
4. make WBC |
|
|
Term
| the shape of the speen in dogs and cats |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the shape of the speen in pgss |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the shape of the speen in cows |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the spleen can release what when an animal is stressed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a paired organ that lies along side of the trachea with part in the cranial mediastium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| unencapulsated aggrates of lymphatic nodules associated with pharyngeal mucosa |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what lack afferent lymph vessels and rely on the proximity to epithelium to make contact with antigens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| deep invaginations on the epithelial surface of the tonsil |
|
Definition
|
|
