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| objective set of institutions in a country that holds a monopoly of legitimate violence in a given territory |
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| restriction on state power |
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| sovereignty lies with the people |
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| rule of law, government chosen by people |
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| subjective perception of rightness or wrongness of political organization |
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| in between totalitarian and night watchman |
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| civil society very present, government provides basic infrastructure |
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| who rules [people, monarch] |
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| who rules, how the state controls itself |
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| representative of given political party that controls state |
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| primary identity, more strongly than any other identity |
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| national identification and legal authority coincide |
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| common physical traits, languages, cultures or history |
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| can be basis of national identity, serve as rallying point; sometimes woven into fabric of government |
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1. separate church and state
2. to dispense from allegianc to religion |
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| realm of ideas concerning legitimacy, can change very quickly, realm of political philosophy |
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| representative bodies, anything that limits human action, changeable but not quickly |
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| social structure/civil society |
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| how society organizes itself on its own, difficult to change |
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| beliefs passed on through generations, inherited ehtical habit, extremely difficult to change, societal |
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| case study, more feasible, less input factors, more detailed information |
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| statistical study, policy relevance- abstract and little debate, limited by questions asked |
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| different changes a society goes through such as urbanization, industrial development, education, etc. |
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| modernization leads to political and economic development, same as poverty thesis |
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| the poor revolt because they have nothing to lose, same idea as modernization theory |
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| variety of services offered, night watchman state v totalitarian statee |
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| ability of state to enforce rules (ex. forced integration of southern schools) |
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| agents don't always act in best inerests of principals, necessary for modernization, separation of labor |
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| fundamental institutional decisions |
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| formula for translating raw votes into representation in legislature |
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| popular election of president, separate survival of legislative and executive branches, president chooses government and has direct powers [veto, decree, reserved powers] |
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| executive appointed by parliament |
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| more veto actors, legitimacy, anarchy |
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| different parties control different houses of Congress |
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| anybody with the power to stop an action of the government |
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| system of checks and balances in government |
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| public regarding policies |
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| in interest of public, good |
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| private regarding policies |
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| given population, government institutions act in narrower interests, bad |
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| group of people with the same ideas and ideals that has the ability to influence government |
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| more than one political party has a reasonable expectation of winning an election or of being in a winning coalition |
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| authoritarian party system |
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| single party system, no other party has expectation of winning an election |
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| activity in which the political demands of groups and individuals are combined into policy programs |
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| formal decision making process by which a population chooses an individual to hold public office |
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| usually single member subnational districts, yields two party systems, more decisive and less representative, interest aggregation at party level |
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| proportional representation (PR) |
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| usually multimember larger districts, based on lists of candidates |
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| voting for a list of candidates based on party |
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| the number of representatives elected from a given district to the same legislative body |
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| lowest amount a party can get and have representation in legislature |
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| double ballot (two round voting) |
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| voter votes for one candidate, then there is a runoff election between fewer candidates |
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| election in which party members or voters select candidates for a subsequent election |
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| from Elbridge Gerry in Mass 1812, drawing irregularly shapes voting districts, can represent minorities or polarize region |
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| a seat in a legislative body which is regarded as fully secured, through gerrymandering, political party domination or incumbent representative personally |
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| a principle which asserts that a plurality rule election system tends to favor a two party system |
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| over representation of a particular race or cultural group in a perticular program or system |
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| fair representation by any minority group |
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| standing or acting for another especially through delegated authority |
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| a cabinet of a parliamentary government in which several parties cooperate |
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| devolution of power from ational governments in to local governments |
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| a sovereign state governed as one single unit in which the central government is supreme and any administrative divisions exercise only powers that the central government chooses to delegate |
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| territorial, small states |
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| federalism based on group representation rather than territory |
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