Term
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Definition
-Sets the general tone for how an agency, group or government operates
-provides guidelines for setting priorities among competing goals, the allocation funds, selection of personnel, standards for program operations and future directions |
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Term
| To be part of the agenda, what conditions must be met? (public policy) |
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Definition
1) a recognized problem exists
2) political circumstances must be right
3) placement of the issue on the policy agenda must be backed by some significant political entity |
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Term
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Definition
| set of problems to which policy makers give their attention |
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Term
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Definition
| issues that are subject to public policy |
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Term
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Definition
| Process of putting a policy into action to accomplish a public good |
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Term
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Definition
| legislative, executive and judicial branches of the government |
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Term
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Definition
| develops a mechanism to solve a problem, defines the problem further and support or opposition to it builds during this phase |
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Term
| Who are policy implementers? |
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Definition
| federal, state or local government employees |
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Term
| Purpose is to determine whether a program is what? (4) |
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Definition
-Achieving it's stated goal(s)
-Reaching its intended audience
-Accomplishing what it was supposed to do
-Identifying who is benefiting from the policy |
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Term
| Why may policies be terminated? |
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Definition
-public need was met
-nature of the problem changed
-government no longer had a mandate in the area
-the policy lost political support
-private agencies relieved the need
-a political system or sub-government ceased to function
-policy to costly |
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Term
| Who makes policy in the US? |
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Definition
| Congress, the president, courts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What are some issues of food safety? |
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Definition
-Environmental contaminants
-Pesticide residues
-Product tampering
-Nutritional imbalances
-Microbial contamination
-Product handling
-Food additives/fortication/enrichment |
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Term
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Definition
| substance added to foods in small amounts |
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Term
| What is a food additives purpose? |
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Definition
to improve the quality (nutritionally or shelf life) of the food
-may also be added to change the food (dye or sweeteners) but must be low risk |
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Term
| What did the Food Additive Amendment create? |
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Definition
| GRAS (generally recognized as safe" list in 1958 |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of adding a nutrient not originally contained in the food |
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Term
| When and where was the first food foritication take place? To what food? |
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Definition
| Michigan in 1924 when iodine was added to salt |
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Term
| In 1943, what were flour and bread enriched with? |
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Definition
| Thiamin, Niacin, Riboflavin, and Iron |
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Term
| Diabetes is the leading cause of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most hip fractures are caused by what? |
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Definition
| Osteoporosis of ppl >50 yrs old who fracture a hip |
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Term
| How many American adults are seriously overweight or obese? |
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Definition
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Term
| Obesity rates in children have ________ over the last 2 decades. |
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Definition
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Term
| What percent of children and percentage of teens are obese? |
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Definition
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Term
| According the the USDA, healthier diets could prevent at least __________ per year in ________________________. |
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Definition
| $71 billion in medical costs, lost productivity and lost lives |
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Term
| According to the CDC, state and federal governments spend _________ more to _______ disease than to ___________ it. |
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Definition
| 1000x more to treat than prevent |
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Term
| T/F: Current investments to promote healthy eating and physical activity are insufficient. |
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Definition
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Term
| How much is the 5 A Day Program's annual communications budget? |
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Definition
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Term
| How much does tobacco control at the CDC receive? How much does the Division of Nutrition and Physcial Activity at the CDC receive? |
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Definition
Tobacco = 100 million
N and PA = 45 million |
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Term
| T/F: The USDA does invest in nutrition programs, however, those programs are targeted primarily at low-income Americans, and little is done to promote healthy eating to the general public. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
-Max. the impact of nutrition care and services in the Older Americans Act and advance the concept of "healthy aging"
-Seek adequate funding for nutrition studies, programs, and services for older adults |
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Term
| Child Nutrition Objectives |
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Definition
-Improve nutritional content of foods at school as well as through the WIC program
-Expand local school wellness policies and improve outcomes |
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Term
| Food and Food Saftey Objectives |
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Definition
-Strengthen the government's capabilites to improve the safety of the food supply and provide accurate info about food and nutrition consumers
-Improve consumer protection and info about food, food ingredients, and dietary supplements |
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Term
| Health literacy and Nutrition Advancement Objectives |
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Definition
Improve the nutritonal status of Americans and make this and nutrition and health literacy higher national priorities
-increase access to and awareness of safe and healthful foods in food assistance initiatives so that beneficiaries may "eat right"
-support continuous efforts to make the Dietary Guidelines for Americans more central to our national understanding of food, nutrition and health and the chosen guide for Americans in making dietary and physical activity choices |
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Term
| Medical Nutrition Therapy and Medicare/Medicaid Objectives |
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Definition
-Reform health and health care policies so that they can help improve the health of Americans
-Assure access to quality health care through referrals to qualified professionals, where appropriate
-Increase payment rates for RD-provided MNT services
-Seek MNT expansion in more public and private programs |
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Term
| Nutrition monitoring and research objectives |
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Definition
-Improve and expand nutrition research and related activities
-Fund NHANES
-Protect the program of work of the ARS and its Human Nutrition Research Centers, and increase federal investment in food, nutrition and health research |
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Term
| Obesity/overwt/healthy wt mgmt objectives |
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Definition
-Adopt national strategy to prevent childhood obesity
-Put RDs on the front lines in addressing overwt and obesity in all populations
-Gain coverage for MNT |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of people who are located in a particular space, have shared values, and interact within a social system |
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Term
| Management is often called what according to Owen? |
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Definition
| the art of getting things done through people |
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Term
| Program management includes what 3 components? |
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Definition
-Planning
-Implementation
-Evaluation |
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Term
| What is meant by the term planning? |
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Definition
| Planning is a forward looking process through which the uncertainty about the future is reduced and orderly action toward results is initiated |
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Term
| What the the steps in the Program Planning Process? |
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Definition
1) Conduct needs assessment
2) identify problems in community
3) prioritize and rank the problems
4) design the program
5) develop a budget
6) develop a marketing plan (nut. ed tool)
7) Evaluate the program's effectiveness |
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Term
| Community Needs Assessment's provides info about what? |
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Definition
-nutrition and health problems in the community
-environmental and lifestyle factors influencing health
-community values (obtained through focus groups and interviews)
-available resources |
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Term
| Community needs assessment is a process of evaluating what? |
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Definition
-the health and nutritional status of the community
-determining what the community's health and nutritional needs are
-identifying places where those needs are not being met |
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Term
| What are other names for a Community Needs Assessment? |
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Definition
-community analysis and diagnosis
-health education planning
-mapping |
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Term
| The community nutrition needs assessment should result in what kind of information? |
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Definition
-A description of nutrition-related problems in the defined community based on data
-An indication of the perceived or felt needs by members of the community
-Identification of avaialbe resources
-Establishment of priorities for nutrition planning |
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Term
| What types of date should you collect for the community needs assessement? |
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Definition
-Qualitative data
-Quantitative data
-Key informant |
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Term
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Definition
| Opinions that describe or explain, this is subjective info, can be categorized or ranked but not quantified |
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Term
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Definition
| derived from a variety of databases, vital statistics |
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Term
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Definition
| People who are "in the know" about the community |
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Term
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Definition
-key informant interviews
-focus group interviews
-oral histories |
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Term
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Definition
-Secondary data from a variety of sources both at the national and state level
-survey data both from individualized surveys done at the local level and from national data sets |
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Term
| How to plan for data collecting |
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Definition
-Plan carefully the type of data to collect
-determine what info you need and which questions to ask
-think about sample size, data management, quality control and statistical analysis
-questions pertain to target pops nutritional problems, how they develop and factors that influence it |
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Term
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Definition
| a systematic study of a cross-section of individuals who represent the target popluation |
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Term
| What are most nutrition surveys interested in? |
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Definition
-Assessing food consumption in households or individuals
-measuring the nutrient intake of a certain popluation group
-studying the relationship of diet and nutritional status to health
-determining the effectiveness of an education program
-evaluating dietary patterns |
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Term
| What is a Health Risk Appraisal? |
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Definition
| a type of survey instrument used to characterize a population's general health status (often in magazines) |
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Term
| What are the 3 main components of a health risk appraisal? |
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Definition
1) A questionnaire
2) Calculation that predict risk of disease
- An educational message or report to the participant |
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Term
| What is the purpose of a health risk appraisal? |
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Definition
| to alert individuals about their risky health behaviors and teach them ways to modify behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| a preventive health activity designed to identify disease by detecting it as soon as possible |
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Term
| Where can a screening occur? |
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Definition
| - clinic or community setting |
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Term
| T/F: screenings should substitute for health care visits or routine medical monitoring. |
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Definition
| False! they should NOT substitute! |
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Term
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Definition
| the condition of a population's or individual's health, including estimates of its quality of life and physical and psychosocial functioning |
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Term
| Define Nutritional Status. |
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Definition
| the condition of a population's or individual's health as influenced by the intake and utilization of nutrient and non-nutrients |
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