Term
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Definition
| the deliberate or accidental transfer of meaning |
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Term
| intrapersonal communication |
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Definition
| communication with the self |
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Term
| interpersonal communication |
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Definition
| the relationship level of communication |
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Term
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Definition
| interaction with a limited number of ppl |
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Term
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Definition
| communication defined to inform or persuade audience members |
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Term
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Definition
| the transmission of messages which may be processed by gate keepers prior to being sent to large audiences via a channel of broad diffusion |
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Term
| online, or machine-assisted, communication |
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Definition
| the building of relationships using computers and the internet |
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Term
| essentials of communication |
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Definition
those components present during every communication event
*people*messages*channels*noise*context*feedback*effect* |
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Term
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Definition
| persons who formulate, encode, and transmit a message |
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Term
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Definition
| persons who receive, decode, and interpret a message |
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Term
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Definition
| the content of a communicative act |
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Term
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Definition
| a medium through which a message is sent |
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Term
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Definition
| anything that interferes with or distorts the ability to send and receive messages |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| information returned to a message source |
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Term
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Definition
| a behavior enhancing response |
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Term
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Definition
| a response that extinguishes behavior in process |
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Term
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Definition
| a response you give yourself |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the communication outcome |
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Term
| 2 CRUCIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF COMMUNICATION |
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Definition
1) it is dynamic
2) it is unrepeatable and irreversible |
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Term
| 5 AXIOMS OF COMMUNICATION |
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Definition
1) You cannot NOT communicate
2) Every interaction has a content dimension and a relationship dimension
3) every interaction is defined by how it is punctuated
4) messages consist of verbal symbols and nonverbal cues
5) interactions are either symmetrical or complementary |
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Term
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Definition
| communication that rejects communication efforts |
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Term
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Definition
| willingness to receive and respond to a message |
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Term
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Definition
| communication that invalidates a message sent |
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Term
| the symptom as communication |
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Definition
| the use of an excuse as a reason for not wanting to communicate |
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Term
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Definition
| the information or data level |
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Term
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Definition
| the level of interpretation |
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Term
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Definition
| acknowledgment and acceptance of another and his/her self view |
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Term
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Definition
| communication that rejects another's self concept |
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Term
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Definition
| communication that shows a lack of interest in another person |
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Term
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Definition
| the word level of communication |
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Term
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Definition
| the continuous stream of nonverbal cues |
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Term
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Definition
| a relationship in which the behavior of one person mirros the behavior or another person |
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Term
| complementary interaction |
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Definition
| communication in which interactants engae in opposite behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| a relationship in which individuals compete for control |
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Term
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Definition
| a relationship characterized by fixed, unchanging roles |
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Term
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Definition
| the digital world of computers and online communication |
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Term
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Definition
| a lack of understanding of cultural difference |
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Term
| intercultural communication |
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Definition
| interacting w/individuals from different cultures |
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Term
| interracial communication |
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Definition
| the interpreting and sharing meanings with individuals from different races |
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Term
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Definition
| interacting with individuals of different ethnic origins |
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Term
| international communication |
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Definition
| communications b/w persons representing different nations |
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Term
| intracultural communication |
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Definition
| interacting with members of the same racial, ethnic group of subculture as yourself |
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Term
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Definition
| a system of knowledge, beliefs, values, customs, behaviors and artifacts that are acquired, shared, and used by members during daily living |
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Term
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Definition
| groups of persons who differ in some ethnic or sociological way from the parent culture |
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Term
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Definition
| the tendency to see one's own culture as superior to all others |
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Term
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Definition
| the acceptance of other culture groups as equal in or value to one's own |
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Term
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Definition
| the view that different cultures should be assimilated into the dominant culture |
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Term
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Definition
| adherence to the principle of cultural relativism |
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Term
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Definition
| cultures in which individual goals are stressed |
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Term
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Definition
| a culture in which group goals are stressed |
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Term
| high-context communication |
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Definition
| a tradition-bound communication system which depends on indirectness |
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Term
| low-context communication |
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Definition
| a system that encourages directness in communication |
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Term
| high power distance cultures |
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Definition
| cultures based on power differences in which subordinates defer to superiors |
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Term
| low power distance cultures |
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Definition
| a culture that believes that power should be used when legitimate |
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Term
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Definition
| everything one thinks and feels about one's self |
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Term
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Definition
| the sort of person one perceives one's self to be |
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Term
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Definition
| how well one likes and values one's self |
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Term
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Definition
| a prediction or expectation that comes true simply b/c one acts as if it were true |
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Term
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Definition
| the principle that we fulfill expectations of others |
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Term
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Definition
| the principle that we fulfill our own expectations |
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Term
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Definition
| a culture in which group goals are stressed |
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Term
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Definition
| cultures in which individual goals are stressed |
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Term
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Definition
| the exhibition of an individualistic orientation |
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Term
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Definition
| the exhibition of a collectivistic orientation |
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Term
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Definition
| a model containing 4 panes that is used to explain the roles that self-awareness and self-disclosure plays in relationships (open, blind, hidden, unknown) |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the self containing info known both to the self and others |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the self known to others but not known to one's self |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the self that contains info about the self known to oneself but is hidden from others |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of revealing to another info about the self that this person would not otherwise know |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the self that is unknown to oneself and others |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which we make sense out of experience |
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Term
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Definition
| the means of interpreting experience in a way that conforms to oen's beliefs, expectations, and convictions |
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Term
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Definition
| a strategy that facilitates the organization of stimuli by enabling us to focus on different stimuli alternately |
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Term
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Definition
| the desire to perceive experience exactly as we have perceived it in the past |
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Term
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Definition
| the failure to understand that we do not attribute the same meanings to similar behavioral cues |
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Term
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Definition
| expectations that produce a readiness to process experience in a predetermined way |
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Term
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Definition
| the selection of stimuli that reaffirm existing attitudes, beliefs, and values |
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Term
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Definition
| only seeing and hearing what we choose |
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Term
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Definition
| the means we use to perceive a complete world |
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Term
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Definition
| the making of an initial judgment |
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Term
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Definition
| the ability of one's first impression to color subsequent impressions |
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Term
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Definition
| a generalization about people, places, or events held by many members of a society |
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Term
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Definition
| a biased, negative attitude toward a particular group of ppl; a negative prejudgment based on membership in a social category |
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Term
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Definition
| the erroneous belief that any one person could know all there is to know about anything |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which one unconciously adds restrictions that limit one's perceptual capabilities |
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Term
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Definition
| that which is known to be true and based on observation |
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Term
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Definition
| an assumption with varying degrees of accuracy |
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Term
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Definition
| a unified system of symbols that permits the sharing of meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| that which represents or stands for something else |
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Term
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Definition
a model that explains the relationship which exists b/w words, things, and thoughts
thought
word thing |
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Term
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Definition
| dictionary meaning of a word; the objective or descriptive meaning of a word |
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Term
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Definition
| subjective meaning; one's personal meaning for a word |
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Term
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Definition
| the culture in power; the mainstream culture |
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Term
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Definition
| a sub-culture; a group of people who have a culture of their own outside of the dominant culture |
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Term
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Definition
| the belief that the labels we use help shape the way we think, our worldview, and behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| the belief that language influences how we interpret the world |
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Term
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Definition
| the belief that persons who speak different languages perceive the world differently |
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Term
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Definition
| cultures in which self-expression is valued and whose members use explicit verbal messages to communicate information directly |
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Term
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Definition
| cultures whose members place less reliance on explicit verbal messages and more emphasis on indirectness as a means of preserving harmony |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of prejudiced language |
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Term
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Definition
| language which communicates a negative bias |
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Term
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Definition
| words that are discriminatory but not literally racist |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a question that is midway b/w an outright statement and a yes-no question |
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Term
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Definition
| remarks which diminish a statement's importance |
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Term
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Definition
| Deborah Tannen's term for language differences attributed to gender |
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Term
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Definition
| that which occurs when individuals think they understand each other but actually miss each other's meaning |
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Term
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Definition
| preoccupation with labels |
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Term
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Definition
| focusing on the world of experience; not blinded by a label |
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Term
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Definition
| the substitution of a pleasant word in place of a less pleasant one |
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Term
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Definition
| the protocol of informality that marks electronic communication |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| words with highly negative connotations |
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Term
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Definition
| words with highly positive connotations |
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Term
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Definition
| the kinds of human messages/responses not expressed in words |
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Term
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Definition
| that which occurs when words and actions contradict each other |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of human body motion or body language |
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Term
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Definition
| facial movements which accompany the communicating of multiple emotions |
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Term
| microfacial or micromomentary expressions |
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Definition
| an expression, 1/8 to 1/5 of a second in duration, that occurs when an individual attempts to conceal an emotion |
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Term
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Definition
| the polite ignoring of those so as not to infringe on their privacy |
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Term
| artifactual communication |
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Definition
| the use of personal adornments |
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Term
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Definition
| vocal cues that accompany spoken language |
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Term
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Definition
| the highness or lowness of the voice |
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Term
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Definition
| the characteristic pitch one uses |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| meaningless sounds or phrases which disrupt the flow of speech |
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Term
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Definition
| the absence of paralinguistic and verbal cues |
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the use of space |
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Term
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Definition
| a distance ranging from the point of touch to 18 inches from a person |
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Term
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Definition
| a distance ranging from 18 inches from a person to 4 feet |
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Term
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Definition
| a distance from a person of 4ft to 12 ft |
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Term
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Definition
| 12 ft or further from a person |
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Term
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Definition
| space which is highly mobile and can be quickly changed |
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Term
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Definition
| the use of objects to create distance |
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Term
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Definition
| space which contains relatively permanent objects |
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Term
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Definition
| the need to demonstrate a possessive or ownership relationship to space |
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Term
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Definition
| items that reserve one's space |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the study of the use of touch |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure calculated by comparing the percentage of looking while speaking with the percentage of looking while listening |
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Term
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Definition
| cultures that promote interaction and encourage displays of warmth, closeness, and availability |
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Term
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Definition
| cultures that maintain more distance when interacting |
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Term
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Definition
| symbols that replace nonverbal cues during machine assisted communication |
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Term
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Definition
| a chain of command transmission |
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Term
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Definition
| the involuntary, physiological process by which we process sound |
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Term
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Definition
| the deliberate psychological process by which we receive, understand, and retain aural stimuli |
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Term
| listening level-energy involvement scale |
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Definition
| a scale identifying four levels of receiving |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| information returned to a message source or a communicator |
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Term
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Definition
| a positive or negative judgment |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a nonevaluative technique in which we ask for additional information |
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Term
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Definition
| a nonevaluative response that uses paraphrasing to check comprehension |
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Term
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Definition
| a nonevaluative response indicating that the receiver perceives a problem as important |
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Term
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Definition
| a nonevaluative response that conveys our feelings about the nature of a situation |
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Term
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Definition
| a response that places blame on another person |
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Term
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Definition
| the careful and deliberate process of message evaluation |
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Term
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Definition
| words which trigger an emotional reaction and drop listening efficiency to zero |
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Term
| speech-thought differential |
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Definition
| the difference b/w thinking and speaking rate |
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Term
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Definition
| restating in your own words what another person has said |
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Term
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Definition
| the picturing of experience |
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Term
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Definition
| the awareness of what happens b/w people as they respond to each other |
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Term
| interpersonal relationship |
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Definition
| a meaningful connection such as friendship |
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Term
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Definition
| a society at home with computers but disadvantaged when it comes to establishing human intimacy |
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Term
| high-tech-high-touch society |
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Definition
| a technologically advanced society that values interpersonal relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| the need for social contact |
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Term
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Definition
| the perceived discrepancy b/w desired and achieved social relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| the need to feel we are capable and responsible and able to exert power and influence over our relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| the need to experience emotionally close relationships |
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Term
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Definition
| communication designed to open the channels of communication |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of topics you discuss with another person |
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Term
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Definition
| a measure of how central the topics you discuss with another person are to your self-concept |
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Term
| social penetration theory |
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Definition
| the theory that states that our relationships begin with relatively narrow breadth and shallow depth and develop over time |
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Term
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Definition
| the relationship stage during which contact is first made |
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Term
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Definition
| the relationship stage during which we begin to probe the unknown |
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Term
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Definition
| the relationship stage during which 2 ppl become good friends |
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Term
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Definition
| the relationship stage in which two ppl are identified as a couple |
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Term
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Definition
| the relationship stage in which two ppl make a formal commitment to each other |
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Term
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Definition
| the relationship stage in which two ppl indentified as a couple seek to regain a unique identity |
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Term
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Definition
| the relationship stage in which both the quality and the quantity of communication b/w two ppl decreases |
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Term
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Definition
| the relationship stage during which communication is at a standstill |
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Term
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Definition
| the relationship stage during which persons intentionally avoid contact |
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Term
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Definition
| the relationship stage during which the relationship ends |
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Term
| cost-benefit/social exchange theory |
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Definition
| the theory that we work to maintain a relationship as long as the benefits we receive outweigh the costs |
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Term
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Definition
| an expectation of the kinds of rewards and profits we believe we ought to derive from a relationship |
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Term
| comparison level for alternatives |
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Definition
| the comparing of rewards derived from a current relationship with ones we expect to get from an alternative relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| that which occurs when opposing goals meet |
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Term
| tolerance of vulnerability |
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Definition
| the degree of trust you place in another person to accept info. you disclose w/out hurting you or the relationship |
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Term
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Definition
| relating w/persons via email, chat roomos, and IMs |
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Term
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Definition
| relationships characterized by enjoyment, acceptance, trust, respect, mutual assistance, confidences, understanding and spontaneity |
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Term
|
Definition
| *fraudulent(nodder)*monopolistic(ear hogs)*completers(gap filers)*selective*avoiders*defensive*attackers |
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Term
| listening to retain information |
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Definition
| *repetition*paraphrase*visualization |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1)initating 2)experimenting 3) intensifying 4)integrating 5)bonding 6)differentiating 7)circumscribing 8)stagnating 9)avoiding 10)termination |
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Term
| three diff areas of the face |
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Definition
| 1)eyebrows/forehead 2)eyes 3)mouth |
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