Term
| How does Aristotle define RHETORIC? |
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Definition
| The faculty of observing in any given case the available means of persuasion. |
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Term
| How do contemporary theorists define RHETORIC? |
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Definition
| Any kind of communication. Every time someone tries to convey meaning to someone else. |
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Term
| Who is Classical Rhetorical Theory specific to? |
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Definition
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| Who started the Classical Rhetorical Theory? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Traveling teachers who taught people how to win weaker arguments and received pay for their services. |
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Term
| What term did Isocrates coin? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The rhetors ability to adapt to changing circumstances/situations. |
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Term
| Who is the most important classical rhetorical theorist? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the name of Aristotle's famous book? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 types of Rhetoric according to Aristotle's book? |
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Definition
1.) political
2.) forensic
3.) epideictic |
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Term
| What is the modern term for political speech? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the modern term for forensic speech? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the modern term for epideictic? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Reasoning used to construct an argument |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of reasoning that go along with LOGOS? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is inductive reasoning? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is deductive reasoning? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
It is a syllogism that doesn't state both premises.
All men are mortal. Therefor, Socrates is mortal. |
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Term
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Definition
| The credibility of the speaker |
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Term
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Definition
| The emotional appeal of the speaker. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What was Cicero considered? |
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Definition
| A rhetor and a rhetorician. |
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Term
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Definition
| Someone who studies speeches. |
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Term
| Who created the 5 cannons of rhetoric? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 5 cannons of rhetoric? |
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Definition
1.) Invention - discovery of content
2.) Style - word choice/syntax
3.) Arrangement - organization
4.) Delivery - presentation
5.) Memory |
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Term
| What is considered the lost cannon? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did the contemporary theorists shift focus to? |
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Definition
| THE CONTEXT of the speech |
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Term
| What are 3 contemporary theories? |
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Definition
1.) Speeches can't be viewed in a vacuum
2.) The context of a speech extends beyond the immediate physical context and direct audience.
3.) Rhetorical Situation |
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Term
| What is the rheotical situation? |
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Definition
| The choices a speaker makes in response to a certain situation. |
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Term
| What are the 3 subpoints of the rheorical situation? |
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Definition
1.) Exigence
2.) Audience
3.) Constraints |
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Term
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Definition
| Specifies what needs to be addressed. Your purpose for the speech. |
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Term
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Definition
| Who is affected by the speech. |
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Term
| What are the constraints? |
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Definition
| The limitations that affect your decisions and actions. Could be beliefs, facts, traditions, time limit ect. |
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Term
| What is a rhetorical choice? |
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Definition
| Also called strategies. Choices made in response to the rhetorical situation. |
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Term
| What are the 6 areas of analysis for rhetorical choices? |
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Definition
1.) Purpose
2.) Audience
3.) Occasion - immediate context
4.) Social Context - what is going on in world
5.) Speaker - audience's perception of speaker
6.) Identification - when audience sees commonalities |
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Term
| What are the aspects of the Shannon Weaver Model? |
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Definition
- Sender: speaker
- Encoding - rhetorical choices
- Channel - medium of speech
- Decoding - audience processes info
- Receiver - audience
*NOISE - Anything that gets in the way of communication. Can happen at any point of model. When it happens during decoding, it is generally the audience's conflicting beliefs. |
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Term
| What are the 3 dimensions of the audience? |
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Definition
1.) Purpose
2.) Composition
3.) Size |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of audiences? |
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Definition
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Term
| What should you not do when considering the composition of your audience? |
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Definition
| STEREOTYPE. Composition refers to demographics, race, gender, age, religion etc. |
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Term
| What are the differences in intimacy of an audience? |
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Definition
| A large audience is LESS intimate than a small one. |
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Term
| Who was an important contemporary theorist on the subject of Identification? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When an audience is persuaded that you share common interests with them. |
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Term
| What is an example of identification? |
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Definition
| Presidential candidate visiting a potato farm in jeans and a button up, speaking more casually than normal. |
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Term
| What is the term for HIGH identification? |
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Definition
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Term
| The more identification you have, the more likely... |
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Definition
| the audience is to be persuaded by you. |
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Term
| What are the methods of delivery? |
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Definition
1.) Manuscript
2.) Memory
3.) Impromptu
4.) Extemporaneous |
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Term
| What is a disadvantage of speaking from memory? |
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Definition
| Harder to engage audience |
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Term
| What is an advantage of speaking extemporaneously? |
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Definition
| Encourages people to speak naturally |
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Term
| What are the aspects of controlling the voice? |
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Definition
1.) Volume
2.) Vocal Variety
3.) Rate
4.) Pauses
5.) Articulation |
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Term
| What are 2 aspects of vocal variety? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Range of sound from high to low. |
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Term
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Definition
| Rising of falling of pitch in a sentence. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pronunciating and speaking clearly. |
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Term
| What are important aspects of using the body while speaking? |
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Definition
1.) Make sure facial expressions match tone of speech.
2.) Scan the room. Eyecontact
3.) Gestures. Only do them if they are natural. Not by hips.
4.) Immediacy. Stand close for intimacy, far for authoritative.
5.)Posture. Relaxed because of our setting. |
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Term
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Definition
1.) Interesting
2.) Significant
3.) Relatable
4.) Audience appropriate |
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Term
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Definition
| Specific instance that clarifies an idea |
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Term
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Definition
| A story that uses vivid imagery and descriptions. |
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Term
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Definition
| A comparrison that goes well with statistics and explanations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Shows differences between things. |
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Term
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Definition
| A numerical value that goes well with analogies and explanations. |
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Term
| What is the difference between a description, definition, explanation? |
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Definition
Explanation - explains WHY or HOW
Definition - defines WHAT something is
Description - describes WHAT something is |
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Term
| What are the 5 things an introduction must do? |
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Definition
1.) Secure attention
2.) Establish relevancy
3.) Establish credibility
4.) State Thesis
5.) Preview main points (signposts) |
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Term
| What does the body of a speech must have? |
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Definition
1.) Explain main points with key info and big ideas.
2.) Need main points with subpoints.
3.) Use transitions
4.) Use internal preview or summary
5.) Signposts if desired |
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Term
| What does a conlusion do? |
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Definition
1.)Summarize main points
2.)Restate thesis
3.)Bookending
4.)Re-establish relevancy or call 2 action |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of outlines? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 4 types of organizational patterns for an informative speech? |
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Definition
1.) Chronological
2.) Spatial - location
3.) Comparative
4.) Topical |
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Term
| What enhances the audience's understanding? |
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Definition
1.) Clear and simple language and organization
2.) Principles of adult learning
3.) Avoid jargon
4.) Provide ready to use info
5.) Encourage active listening
6.)***STRUCTURAL CLARITY
7.) Avoiding persuasion |
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Term
| What provides structural clarity? |
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Definition
1.) Previews and signposts
2.) Repetition
3.) Scaffolding
4.) Physical representation |
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Term
| How can you avoid persuasion? |
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Definition
1.) Stick to structure
2.) Do your research
3.) Strive for objectivity
4.) Avoid large amounts of pathos |
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Term
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Definition
Topic:
I. Introduction
A. Attention getter
B. Relevancy
C. Credibility
D. Thesis statement
E. Preview of main points
Transition/Signpost
II. Body
A. Main point #1
1. Subordinate point
a. Supporting evidence
b. Supporting evidence
2. Subordinate point
a. Supporting evidence
b. Supporting evidence
Transition/Signpost
ANOTHER BODY SAME SHIT
III. Conclusion
A. Restate thesis
B. Review main points
C. Remind relevancy and/or call to action |
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