Term
What is the childhood mortality of the following conditions in the US per 100,000 children
perinatal conditions
MVA
Congenital
Homicide
Malignancy |
|
Definition
Perinatal conditions: 17.6
MVA: 8.5
Congenital: 8.4
Homicide: 4.2
Malignancy: 2.8 |
|
|
Term
| What are the top three causes of death in children 0-1? |
|
Definition
Development/genetics
SIDS
prematurity |
|
|
Term
| What are the top three causes of death in children 1-4? |
|
Definition
accident
development/genetics
cancer |
|
|
Term
| What are the top three causes of death in children 5-14? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the top three causes of death in childre 15-24? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the #1 cause of Acute Otitis Media? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the three strains of bacteria that can cause acute otitis media? |
|
Definition
streptococcus pneumoniae
haemophilus influenza
moraxella catarrhalis |
|
|
Term
| What is the #1 reason for a parent to bring a child to the doctor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the risk factors for acute otitis media? |
|
Definition
day care
tobacco exposure
genetic predisposition
using bottle lying down |
|
|
Term
| If indicated, what antibiotics should be given for acute otitis media? |
|
Definition
amoxicillin for 7-10 days
cephalosporin
macrolide if allergic |
|
|
Term
| How long do Viral URIs last and how many infections are common in the first two years of life? |
|
Definition
| two weeks and 6-12 infections |
|
|
Term
| Are OTC cold meds indicated for viral URIs |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does a patient with a viral URI present with? |
|
Definition
| watery red eyes, clear nasal drainage, and cough |
|
|
Term
| Allergic Rhinitis is associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the nasal passage way look like? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lack of functioning olfaction |
|
|
Term
| What symptoms are associated with allergic rhinitis? |
|
Definition
itchy, watery eyes
sneezing
stuffy, runny noses
cough
sore throat
headache
post nasal drip
mouth breathing |
|
|
Term
| What is allergic rhinitis also called? |
|
Definition
| IgE mediated rhinoconjunctivitis |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for allergic rhinitis? |
|
Definition
allergen avoidance
intranasal steroids (MOST EFFECTIVE)
intranasal antihistimines
oral antihistamines |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of infectious conjunctivitis is children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how long does viral conjunctivits last? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When looking at viral conjunctivitis what else do you look for? |
|
Definition
| other viral symptoms such as fever, runny nose, and cough, also erythema, WATERY DISCHARGE |
|
|
Term
| how do you treat viral conjunctivitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| bacterial conjunctivitis is more common in ____ than ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What types of bacteria can cause conjunctivitis |
|
Definition
Staphylococcus aureus
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Haemophilus influenza
Moraxella catarrhalis |
|
|
Term
| How is bacterial conjunctivitis transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What symptoms do you look for in bacterial conjunctivitis? |
|
Definition
| erythema, COPIOUS, PURULENT discharge |
|
|
Term
| how is bacterial conjunctivitis treated? |
|
Definition
| self limiting in 2-5 days without antibiotics, but antibiotics are give to prevent spread |
|
|
Term
| What type of conjunctivitis are non infectious |
|
Definition
| allergic and chemical and FB |
|
|
Term
| What is strep throat caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the #1 bacterial infection of the throat? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| At what age is strep throat most common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What symptoms are associated with strep throat? |
|
Definition
| fever, sore throat, headache, nausea, chills, possibly scarlet fever |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| erythematous, sandpaper like rash caused by GAS |
|
|
Term
| What is scarlet fever and strep throat treated with? |
|
Definition
| Penicillin, Amoxicillin, Macrolide |
|
|
Term
| Why do you treat strep and scarlet fever? |
|
Definition
| to prevent rheumatic fever |
|
|
Term
| What is the occurrence of acute rheumatic fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can rheumatic fever affect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the target age of rheumatic fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 100 years ago, what was the leading cause of deaths for kids age 5-20? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| according to WHO how many deaths per year occur from acute rheumatic fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHat are the symptoms of rheumatic fever? |
|
Definition
| fever, malaise, arthritis, fatigue |
|
|
Term
| _____ and ______ are reversible. ______ is chronic. |
|
Definition
| arthritis and myocarditis are reversible. Valve disease is chronic. |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of bronchiolitis? |
|
Definition
| tachypnea, retractions and wheezing |
|
|
Term
| When does bronchiolitis occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is bronchiolitis most common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of lower respiratory traction infection in infants? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of RSV? |
|
Definition
| rhinorrhea, cough, fever, wheeze, tachypnea, retractions, anorexia |
|
|
Term
| What is the % mortality of RSV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| with supportive cares like oxygen, suction, albuterol, racemic epinephrine, hypertonic saline |
|
|
Term
| What are the viral causes of bronchiolitis? |
|
Definition
| RSV, parainfluenza, adenovirus, influenza, HMV |
|
|
Term
| Do steroids and antibiotics have any benefit for viral bronchiolitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is viral bronchiolitis contracted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the first repiratory sign of pneumonia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the pneumonia infection located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| cough, fever, tachypnea, hypoxia, dyspnea |
|
|
Term
| What is the #1 cause of pneumonia ? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What viruses can cause pneumonia |
|
Definition
| RSV, influenza, parainfluenza, adenovirus |
|
|
Term
| What bacteria can cause pneumonia? |
|
Definition
Streptococcus pneumonia (vaccine)
H. influenza (vaccine)
Staphylococcus aureus
Mycoplasma |
|
|
Term
| What is one of the main causes of mortality in developing countries and morbidity in developed countries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the risk factors of pneumonia? |
|
Definition
lower socioeconomic groups
school age
cardiopulmonary disorders
smoke exposure |
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical diagnosis of pneumonia? |
|
Definition
| chest x ray, blood culture, pleural fluid |
|
|
Term
| How many people worldwide have asthma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many children in the US suffer from asthma? Adults? |
|
Definition
| 9.6% of children; 7.7% of adults |
|
|
Term
| How many people died of asthma in 2005? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common chronic disease in children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How many ER visits annually are from asthma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| underdiagnosed and undertreated |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms of asthma? |
|
Definition
| cough, chest pain, wheezing, dyspnea |
|
|
Term
| What is asthma exacerbated by? |
|
Definition
| exercise, illness, allergens, weather changes, smoke |
|
|
Term
| What is acute treatment of asthma? Maintenance? Prevention? |
|
Definition
acute: SA beta-agonist
maintenance: inhaled steroids, leuktriene modifiers, oral steroids
prevention: avoid smoke and triggers |
|
|
Term
| What is atopic dermatitis? |
|
Definition
| inflammation of the epidermis; itch followed by rash |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| allergic disorder with hereditary component; affecting part of the body not in direct contact with allergen |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment of atopic dermatitis? |
|
Definition
| emollient, topical steroids, antihistamines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ringworm (fungal infection) of the scalp |
|
|
Term
| what can the patchy areas of scaling in tinea capitis be confused with? |
|
Definition
| dandruff, seborrhea, eczema, tricholtillomania, alopecia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| boggy inflammatory mass that has hypersensitivity to fungus; local LAD; tender |
|
|
Term
| what is tinea capitis caused by? |
|
Definition
| tricophyton tonsurans and microsporum |
|
|
Term
| how is tinea capitis treated? |
|
Definition
topical: selenium sulfide or ketoconazole shampoo
oral: griseofulvin |
|
|
Term
| What is tinea corporis caused by> |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does tinea corporis present? |
|
Definition
| circular, raised, erythematous, scaling borders with central clearing |
|
|
Term
| how is tinea corporis transmitted? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is tinea corporis treated? |
|
Definition
| topical: clotrimazle or keto conazole |
|
|
Term
| what is tinea pedis also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is tinea pedis caused by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how does tinea pedis present? |
|
Definition
| vesiculopustular eruption with scaling between toes and on foot |
|
|
Term
| What disease is only present in cultures that wear shoes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is seborrhea dermatitis also known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what percent of babies have seborrhea dermatitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when is seborrhea dermatitis self resolving? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what percent of newborns get neonatal jaundice? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is neonatal jaundice caused by? |
|
Definition
| high RBC turnover, immature liver function |
|
|
Term
| when does neonatal jaundice present? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when can jaundice be seen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when can jaundice be seen about nipple? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when can jaundice be seen at umbilicus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when can jaundice be seen at groin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when can jaundice be seen on hte hands and feet? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for neonatal jaundice? |
|
Definition
eat, pee, poop
based on age and risks: phototherapy or exchange transfusion |
|
|
Term
| When does pathologic neonatal jaundice present? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how much does pathologic neonatal jaundice rise? |
|
Definition
| >5mg/day or direct 2>mg/dl |
|
|
Term
| What percent of infants get breast milk jaundice? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cause of acute abdominal pain in children |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the causes of constipation? |
|
Definition
poor fiber diet
low water intake
physically inactive
poor stooling habits |
|
|
Term
| What is key when diagnosis constipation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for constipation? |
|
Definition
| dietary modifications, stooling habits, fiber intake, water intake, stool softeners, laxatives, and enemas |
|
|
Term
| What is the first sign of dehydration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the 2nd leading cause of death globally in children under 5? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how many child deaths are caused by diarrhea? |
|
Definition
| 1 in 5; 1.5 million children per year |
|
|
Term
| ____ kills more children than AIDS |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| With diarrhea, what are most deaths in children due to? |
|
Definition
| dehydration: lost of water and electrolytes |
|
|
Term
| WHat are the causes of diarrhea? |
|
Definition
| rotavirus, bacterial pathogens, cryptosporidium |
|
|
Term
| What is the leading cause of acute infectious diarrhea in children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is responsible for 40% of all hospital admissions world wide? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bacteria can cause diarrhea? |
|
Definition
E. coli
Salmonella
Shigella
Campylobacter
V. cholerae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| crying for more than 3 hours perday, 3 days per week, for more than 3 weeks in an otherwise healthy, wellfed infant |
|
|
Term
| ___% of babies will visit the doctor for crying |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can you manage colic? |
|
Definition
change formula to predigested
change nipple or bottle
front carrier
carsee on dryer or dishwasher
ride in the car
pacifier
swing
belly massage
swaddling
heartbeat noise
warm bath
sucrose
pre or probiotics |
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|
