Term
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Definition
1. Reference
2. Perform Actions
3. Evoke Emotions
4. Reduce Uncertainty
5. Express Complex Ideas
6. Promote Human Contact |
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Term
| Problems With the Reference Function of Words |
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Definition
1. Bypassing
2. Abstraction
3. Euphemism
4. Relative Language
5. Static Evaluation
6. Limited Language Unlimited Reality
7. Subcultural Differences |
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Term
| Cultural Differences in the Use of Language |
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Definition
1. Elaborate(arabic) vs Succinct(Japanese)
2. Formal(Korea) vs Informal(US) |
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Term
| Why is NYC the most profane place in US? |
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Definition
-Dense pop/different types of people=tolerance
-Anonymity of living in big city |
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Term
| Why is Profanity More Widespread? |
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Definition
1. movies
2. 1960s
3. Feminist movement
4. Casual lifestyles
5. Television Standards
6. Increasing profanity in music |
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Term
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Definition
Then: sexual slurs
Now: racial, gender slurs |
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Term
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Definition
1. Physical (we need contact and touch)
2. Intellectual: sharing important ideas
3. Emotional
4. Shared Activities
*ideal relationship has all four |
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Term
| Why do we form intimate relationships with some people and not others? |
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Definition
1. Appearance
2. Similarity(3 types)
3. Complimentary-differences that compliment
4. Reciprocity- GOOD TASTE!
5. Exchange- cost-benefit analysis
6. Competency-not too competent
7. Proximity
8. Disclosure- learning of similar experiences (hidden-open self) |
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Term
| 3 types of Similarity important in choosing a mate |
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Definition
1. attitude similarity
2. Similar Evaluation of Aquaintences
3. Similar Ability/Intelligence |
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Term
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Definition
1. Coy
2. Gaze
3. Response
4. "notice me" signals
5. Subconscious submissive displays
6. Kinesics
7. Space
8. EYES |
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Term
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Definition
Tone, pitch, laughing more than called for
-"icebreakers" lead to phatic communication
-social lubricants |
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Term
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Definition
1. icebreaker
2. Phatic Communication
3. Reciprocity
4. Small talk
5. Touch (w/ reciprocity)
6. Body synchrony (in tandem) |
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Term
| Strategies of Termination |
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Definition
1. Cost excalation
2. Pseudo de-escalation
3. Withdrawal, fade away
4. Fait Accomopli |
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Term
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Definition
| How important/necessary a reason is for leaving relationship. Stronger relationship=stronger felt need |
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Term
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Definition
1. Charateristics of the Individuals
2. Lack of fulfillment
3. lack of intimacy
4. Poor interaction regulation (arguments, not listening
5. 3rd party involvements |
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Term
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Definition
1. emblems
2. Illustrators
3. Affect Display-movement converying emotion (factial movements)
4. Regulator-regulates convo
5. Adaptor- make yourself comfy (object adaptor)
6. Physiqu-how you look says something about you
7. eyes "look me in the eye"
8. touching behavior (quarter experiment and handshake) |
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Term
| Definition of Paralanguage |
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Definition
| vocal, but nonverbal aspects of speech |
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Term
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Definition
1. Vocal Qualities: pitch tgempo resonance
2. vocal segregate: sounds like word but isn't
3. vocal fluences: helps flow of convo
4. vocal qualities: inicates emotional state (clip vs drawl)
5. Vocalization: laughing crying belching
6. Message Treatment: whisper vs Yell
7. Whistling, Sarcasm, Accents
8. Silence: pregnant pause, reverence |
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Term
| 6 types of nonverbal Language |
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Definition
1. Kinesics
2. Paralanguage
3. Space
4. Time
5. Use of things/artifacts
6. Environment |
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Term
| Space as a form of Nonverbal Language |
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Definition
-Indicates Leadership
-Personsal Space of 3 ft
-varies with culture, roles, and gender
-rules break down in crowds and elevators
-territory |
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Term
| Time as a form of nonverbal communication |
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Definition
How long, how much?
-time spent with someone indicates his/her importance
-culturally variable: southerne mexico vs US |
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Term
| Use of Things/Artifacts as a form of nonverbal communication |
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Definition
Jewelry, Clothing, etc-- personalilty, wealth, staus
Cars
People can be used as artifacts |
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Term
| Environment as a form of nonverbal comm |
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Definition
furniture, architecture, liglhitng, smells
-compare restaurants
-personality indicated by room |
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Term
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Definition
Hearing: Physiological process involving sound waves in the ear
Listening: More complex, psychological process involving interpreting, analyzing and understanding significance of sensory info. |
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Term
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Definition
1. attending skills
2. following skills
3. reflecting skills |
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Term
| components of attending skills |
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Definition
def: giving phsyical attn to speaker
1. posture of involvement: relaxed alertness
2. approbriate body motion: exlude distracting motions
3. eye contact: softly focused
4. non-distracting environment: minimal noise, no obstructions |
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Term
| components of Following Skills |
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Definition
1. Door Openers vs Door closers
2. Minimal encouragers
3. The use of Questions
4. Attnetive Silence |
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Term
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Definition
| you paraphrase back what's been said to clarify understanding, makes other person feel validated, lets you add your 2 cents |
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Term
| componenets of ones level of communication with another/others |
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Definition
1. degree of perceived privacy
2. Frontstage vs Backstage situation
3. History of Interactions with that person
4. Channel of interaction |
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Term
| Small Group of 3 people and its effects on communication |
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Definition
- burden of listening is shared
- group alliances form (constantly shifting)
- a 3rd person can mediate conflict |
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Term
| Effect of small group growth |
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Definition
-splinter groups form: subgroups, new conversations begin
EXAMPLE: parties |
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Term
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Definition
This merits a LEADER.
things get more formal.
group is addressed as a whole |
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Term
| small group type: Primary |
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Definition
intimate, face to face associationg, emotional investment in ohters, interact as whole humans
EX: FAMILY |
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Term
| Small group type: Secondary |
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Definition
Formally Organized
More impersonal
formal status and roles.
potential to become primary. |
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Term
| is decision making better in small groups? |
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Definition
generally yes, two heads better than one.
exception:peer pressure, intimate personal decisions, crisis decisions.
BAD: GROUP THNK and RISKINESS |
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Term
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Definition
| overconcern for group harmony-- such overconcern leads to things like the bay of pigs distaster |
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Term
| Who is usually the leader of a small group? |
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Definition
| leader is usually more attractive, more intelligent, more social, more confident |
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Term
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Definition
1. appointances
2. democratic vote
3. emergence through charisma |
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Term
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Definition
1. instrumental:
-authoritative
-democratic (US NORM)
-lassaiz faire: characteristic of someone who is a leader in name only
2. Expressive: wants group to word together-- tells jokes to alleviate |
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Term
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Definition
1. save face
2. guide social interaction
3. expand/enhance relationships
4. avoid tension/conflict
5. gain/protect resouces
6. protect ourselves/others
**most told for selfish reasons |
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Term
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Definition
1. equivocation "i have other plans"
2. hinting "desserts are really bad here" |
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Term
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Definition
MAYBE: if it leads to something good/ prevents harm.
the test: would someone be gratefulto find out that you lied or would they tink your long term trust had been undermined... |
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Term
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Definition
Body movements directly translatable to words or phrases (ex: peace sign, the bird)
*culturally variable(suicide sybol
*universal: sign for eating, sleeping, yuck face |
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Term
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Definition
Bodily movement "illustrating" and accompanying a verbal phrase. It works to a. accent or emphasize word or phrase
b. point to present obect
c. sketch a path of thought
d. illustrate spatial relationships
e. show bodily action |
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Term
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Definition
movement conveying EMOTION, especially facial movements (ex: drooping sad body)
6 universals:
happy sad angry surprise disgust fear |
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Term
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Definition
| movements of the body that allow us to maintain, regulate, and coordinate the back and forth flow of listening and speaking. (ex: slow deliberate nod of head vs. look of confusision) allows for TURN TAKING |
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Term
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Definition
| things we do with our body to adapt to situatsion in order to feel comfotable. many are IDIOSYNCRATIC. culturally variable (ex. japanese woman and hand over mouth to show ebarrassment) OBJECT ADAPTORS |
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Term
| Physical attributes affecting nonverbal comm |
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Definition
1. Physique
2. Body temp
3. body odors
4. hair color, eye color skin color
5. how you carry yourself
6. body hair
7. height |
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Term
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Definition
| most important part of body for kinesics: says much about what you are trying to communicate "look me in the eye and say that" |
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Term
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Definition
| kiss caress hold hands (quarter experiment and handshake) different kinds of kisses |
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Term
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Definition
| pitch, tone tempo rythm: background characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| like the sound of language, but isn't (ohhh uh huh shhh) |
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Term
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Definition
| inicates EMOTIONAL state through use of voice. excited = loud. (clip vs drawl as subcultural difference) |
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Term
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Definition
| sounds we make to fill in silences (ummm mmmm ohhh) |
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Term
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Definition
| laughing cryaing belching snoring yawning, gulp of fear |
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Term
| Pauses, Silence as form of nonverbal communication |
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Definition
| pregnant pause for effect, silent treatment, express reverence, turn taking pause |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| can communicate happiness |
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Term
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Definition
US= about 3 ft. Its culturally variable, unrelated males maintain more space than males and females.
1. varies with roles and relationship
2. varies with culture
3. varies with gender |
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Term
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Definition
1. folkways
2. mores
3. taboos |
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Term
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Definition
| generally followed norms, but not super strict (ex: mismatched socks) |
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Term
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Definition
| More strongly held norm than folkways; many are written in the law (ex. blowing up a building and adult nudity) |
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Term
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Definition
| thinking and reasoning invoved before a message is fully received. |
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Term
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Definition
| person who gets the original idea of a message |
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