Term
|
Definition
A supporter of a person, group, party, or cause, especially a person who shows a biased, emotional allegiance
The first presses in this country were “partisan presses”
• Each had its own ideology & point of view |
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Term
|
Definition
| A tendency or inclination that prevents unprejudiced consideration of a question; prejudice |
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Term
|
Definition
| Is making a judgment or assumption about someone or something before having enough knowledge to be able to do so with guaranteed accuracy |
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Term
|
Definition
Media are scary
2
Media threaten people
Media can make you... crazy, violent, stupid, evil
If you see it, you might go do it
If you don’t see it, maybe you WON’T do it |
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Term
| What media might or might not... |
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Definition
| “make” people do has frightened & intrigued people since the first media appeared |
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Term
|
Definition
No, the Ten Commandments were NOT the first mass media
But ever since mass media began, people have been uneasy about what media might DO to those who consume it |
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Term
|
Definition
The printing press and moveable type changed the world
• Adapted an oil or a wine press for a printing press
• Adapted metal casting techniques to create movable metal printing type
• Created an oil-based ink that would stick to his pieces of metal type
• He first printed a poem, then most famously, a Bible |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Why does anyone else care what media you use? |
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Definition
*Audiences consume media enthusiastically
*Something shapes how people think |
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Term
| What is Peoples Choice Study in 1940? |
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Definition
• Selective exposure: Republicans avoid messages supporting Democrats, Democrats seek out those
messages • Selective perception Republicans hear FDR’s “fireside
chats” as evidence of incompetence & duplicity; Democrats hear them as evidence ability and integrity
• Selective retention People with different views remember the same event differently |
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Term
| What is american soldiers act 1942? |
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Definition
• Studies found film is a powerful teaching aid
• Film doesn’t change deeply held attitudes & values |
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Term
|
Definition
| an idea about how and why something works the way it does |
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Term
| Hypodermic Needle Theory/ Magic Bullet Theory |
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Definition
Media can “inject” or “shoot” ideas into audiences, Media changes behavior.
• Audiences are passive
• Audiences receive the message sent to them
• The message arrives intact, just as it was
created
• The only meaning the message has is that
intended by its creator
• Audiences have no agency, or ability to act for
themselves |
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Term
| what is Agenda setting theory? |
|
Definition
• Media don’t report reality—they filter &
shape it
• Media coverage concentrates on a few
issues
• That leads the public to see those issues as
critically important
• Media may not tell us what to think (debatable statement)
• But do control what we think ABOUT by setting the agenda of press coverage |
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Term
| What istwo-step flow theory? |
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Definition
• Step One: Media message goes out to audience (opinion leaders)
• Step Two: Audience receives and spreads the message to friends, family |
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Term
| what is modeling/social learning? |
|
Definition
• People learn behaviors through observing and watching others
• Sometimes on the media |
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Term
| what is uses and gratification theory? |
|
Definition
• A theory about the audience, not the message sender
• Audiences are active, not passive
• Audiences choose & use media to fill their own needs & desires
• Audiences balance media input with the rest of their lives
• Even if television is particularly violent, we consider that dramatization because we know the real world is less violent |
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Term
| what is third party effect? |
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Definition
• I’m not affected by media
• But I’m a little worried about YOU |
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Term
|
Definition
• Certain contexts prepare you to receive information in certain ways
• A desk & a suit= NEWS show
• A talking head & a label=EXPERT
• Movie soundtracks: suspense, horror, comedy
• If you’re not primed, you may not get the point |
|
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Term
| what is scary world syndrome? |
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Definition
| • Heavy viewing of news and other television leads audiences to believe that the world is a violent, nasty place |
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Term
| what is spiral of silence? |
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Definition
*People tend to remain silent when their views are in the minority
• The Internet does break down certain kinds of social isolation, while perhaps increasing others |
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Term
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Definition
| • Sometimes media have powerful effects, sometimes minimal effects, and sometimes – depending on a complex variety of contingencies – a mixture of both |
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Term
|
Definition
Doctrines, myths, & beliefs that guide an individual,
social movement, institution, class, or group
We often draw on media images for definition & illustration
Part of how we learn the meaning of these words is through media |
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Term
| what are medias priority? |
|
Definition
Media aim to make money
Money helps in life, but people’s happiness is
also linked to things media cannot sell or deliver:
Bring important to someone/someones
Meaningful work
Contributing to our communities
Being loved
Enjoying your life |
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Term
|
Definition
_________the message is made by the producer
__________the message is made using a system of signs that the culture imbues with meaning |
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Term
|
Definition
_______the message is responded to, meaning is made by the receiver
________do not inevitably follow encodings; viewers bring their own meaning to the message |
|
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Term
| what is Stuart Hill idea? |
|
Definition
There is meaning created in a message by the sender
There is meaning made of a message by the receiver |
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Term
| what is semiotic analysis? |
|
Definition
| a systems of signs & their substance |
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Term
| What is Roland semiotic analysis? |
|
Definition
If we examine pieces of popular culture, we may discover how social order is being imposed
How hegemony is being imposed and communicated
How certain values, behaviors, choices are made to appear “natural,” “best,” “right,” even “cool” |
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Term
|
Definition
| Is a piece of cloth with colors and shapes |
|
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Term
| what is technological determinism? |
|
Definition
| Technology drives social structure & values |
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Term
|
Definition
* William Caxton, England, first printed advertisement (& first press in England)
"Pyes of Salisbury good and chepe”
It took only 12 years for ads to appear
in 1468-77 |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| what is the comstock act? |
|
Definition
| passed in 1873 banned all sex education, birth control, and abortion information, and made it illegal to send these materials through the mall. |
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Term
| What is Sherman antitrust act? |
|
Definition
• Limits
cartels
&
monopolies
• SBll
the
basis
for
current
anBtrust
liBgaBon
• Applies
to
media
conglomerates,
as
well |
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Term
| what is the fairness doctrine? |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
passed
in
1966,
requires
federal
agencies
to
list
all
their
documents
and
provide
them
for
news
agencies
on
request |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
* William Caxton, England, first printed advertisement (& first press in England)
"Pyes of Salisbury good and chepe”
It took only 12 years for ads to appear
in 1468-77 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the comstock act? |
|
Definition
| passed in 1873 banned all sex education, birth control, and abortion information, and made it illegal to send these materials through the mall. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
* William Caxton, England, first printed advertisement (& first press in England)
"Pyes of Salisbury good and chepe”
It took only 12 years for ads to appear
in 1468-77 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the comstock act? |
|
Definition
| passed in 1873 banned all sex education, birth control, and abortion information, and made it illegal to send these materials through the mall. |
|
|
Term
| what is the fairness doctrine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| help protect confidentiality sources |
|
|
Term
| what is the freedom of information act? |
|
Definition
| passed in 1966, requires federal agencies to list all their documents and provide them for news agencies on request |
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Term
| what is ownership limitations in 1941? |
|
Definition
| A broadcasters cannot own television stations that reach more than 35% of US homes. |
|
|
Term
| what is the Sherman Antitrust Act of 1890? |
|
Definition
Limits cartels and monolies
Still the basis for current antitrust litigation
Applies to media conglomerates |
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Term
|
Definition
1.Beaware of power
2.be aware of your limits
3.be aware conflicts of interest
4.do your work well
5. find some heroes |
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Term
|
Definition
| Volney Palmer became an ad broker |
|
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Term
|
Definition
bought up Volney Palmer
Introduced open contract and commissions and set industry standards for practices |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| breaks up the advertising audience into diverse segments in order to reach individuals most likely to purchase a particular product. |
|
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Term
| what advertising objectives are? |
|
Definition
| name recognition and branding, spreading news about a product, image advertising, adding value to the product. |
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Term
| Media Literacy means the ability to... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Good media criticism should always... |
|
Definition
| offer analysis based on reason |
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Term
| Mediated Communications is sharing messages |
|
Definition
| Conveyed through an interposed device |
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Term
| On job of gatekeeper is determine... |
|
Definition
| how messages to consumers are constructed |
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Term
| In media studies "converging" refers come together of: |
|
Definition
| computer, telephone, and mass media technologies |
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Term
| Many countries accuse the United States of cultural imperialism, meaning that they believe the U.S: |
|
Definition
| displaces the culture of other countries with American culture |
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Term
| Foreign media in the United States |
|
Definition
| an unofficial fourth branch of government |
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|
Term
| Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin envisioned the fourth estate as |
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Definition
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|
Term
| According to the text, which level of the media industry is the key to understanding today's media business? |
|
Definition
| the widespread use of the english language |
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|
Term
| Economies of scale save a company money because they enable the company to |
|
Definition
| make many copies of a product |
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|
Term
| Vertical integration is a business model in which |
|
Definition
| a company owns different parts of the same industry |
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Term
| In terms of media-government relationships in the world today, the media in most countries are |
|
Definition
| mixed in terms of government and private ownership |
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Term
| The conflict of interest between media who want to cover a trial, and a defendant who wants a fair trial, is an example of |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Cross merchandizing is a form of |
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Definition
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|
Term
| Media research was done on the effects of propaganda used during WWI because |
|
Definition
| many feared media could brainwash the public without their knowledge |
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|
Term
| Which of the following types of Payne Fund studies suggested that teens were most affected by sexual content in movies? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| Which of the following would cause people to look for messages that helped them feel consistent in their attitudes? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| "The American Soldier" studies showed that the "Why We Fight" films were highly effective in |
|
Definition
| helping recruits master knowledge of the evens that brought the US into war |
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|
Term
| The first major study on the effect of TV on kids, conducted in the late 1950s, found that |
|
Definition
| most children started watching adult programs at an early age |
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Term
| Marshall McLuhan's idea that "the medium is the message" means that |
|
Definition
| the characteristics of a medium determine the viewer's experience more than the content does |
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Term
| Which of the following theories implies that media effects are part of a complex interaction? |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| The diffusion of innovations theory explains |
|
Definition
| how a persons perceptions of the world are shaped and sometimes distorted by the media |
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Term
| The main point of agenda setting is to.. |
|
Definition
| change the publics perception of what is important |
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Marxist theorists believe that media |
|
Definition
| distracts people form reality in a way that benefits commercial forces |
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|
Term
| One reason for the disparity between research and conventional wisdom concerning the effects of media on society is |
|
Definition
conventional wisdom believes in powerful, and mostly negative media influences.
research does not determine effects by anecdotal evidence
the public is not aware of thousands of media research studies published |
|
|
Term
| When you prove correlation you prove that |
|
Definition
| two events happened simultaneously |
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|
Term
| in media research, the baseline effect refers to the idea that.. |
|
Definition
| media exposure is always affecting us whether we know it or not |
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|
Term
| Most scholars agree that the first books were written on |
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Definition
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|
Term
| In 17th Century New England, printers tried to keep up with the demand for chapbooks, which mostly contained |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| One result of the mass marketing of modern paperback books was |
|
Definition
| more people reading literary classics |
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Term
| According to the text, by the 1960s conglomerates believed that small publishing houses |
|
Definition
| were not realizing their profit potential |
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|
Term
| Trade books are described as |
|
Definition
| books sold to the general public |
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|
Term
| According to the text, reference books remain profitable because |
|
Definition
| much of their content remains the same in new editions |
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|
Term
| The job of a copy editor is to |
|
Definition
| polish the manuscript line by line |
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|
Term
| A jacket blurb for a book consists of |
|
Definition
| a critics comments about the book |
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|
Term
| One reason that megastores are seen as a threat by many book lovers is that such stores |
|
Definition
| have clerks that are often unknowledgeable about books |
|
|
Term
| A bibliophile is a person who |
|
Definition
| reads 50 or more books a year |
|
|
Term
| Critics contend that the "blockbuster syndrome" in publishing |
|
Definition
| drains money that could be used to publish literary works |
|
|
Term
| A midlist author is one whose books |
|
Definition
| sell between 10,000 and 15,000 copies |
|
|
Term
| the first presses in americas were established in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| according to the text, the change from an oral culture to a print culture |
|
Definition
| helped people learn to think for themselves |
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|
