Term
|
Definition
| A theory suggesting that long before humans spoke, they communicated with their hands. Also, speech was an ingenious innovation but not quite the freakish marvel that linguists have often made it out to be. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Centers on the principle that our understanding of self is built by those who react to and comment on our language, actions, ideas, beliefs, and mannerisms. |
|
|
Term
| Language-Explosion Theory |
|
Definition
| Proposes that humans build communication skills from the core of language developed early in life. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A theory that argues that language is a human instinct wired into human brains by evolution. Thus, language is a biological adaptation to communicate information. |
|
|
Term
| Social Construction of Reality Theory |
|
Definition
| Theory that suggests that our world and how we deal with it are shaped by how we talk about its various components. Our meanings and our understandings result from our communication with ourselves and with others. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Direct explicit definition based meanings. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Implications that are strung along with a word. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Sounds, words, or phrases that no meaning or that do not help the listener gain a clear understanding of the message; fillers that cover up the speaker's inability to think of what to say or fill in thinking time or that are bad vocal habits -- for example, "you know" and "stuff like that" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Originator of the Message. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The material or information that is communicated. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Putting ideas into message form. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Translating of a received message. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The five senses by which the messages are carried from and to the sender and receiver. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Any internal or external interference in the communication process, including environmental obstacles, physiological impairment, semantic problems, syntactic problems, organizational confusion, cultural influences or psychological problems. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Conscious or unconscious, intentional or unintentional process in which feelings and ideas are expressed as verbal and or nonverbal messages, sent, received, and comprehended. This process can be accidental (having no intent) expressive (resulting from the emotional state of the person), or rhetorical( resulting from specific goals of the communicator. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The belief that one's culture is primary to all explanations of reality. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Three Types:
Linear, Interactional, Transactional. |
|
|
Term
| Linear Communication Model |
|
Definition
| The sender sends a message to the receiver and that's all. |
|
|
Term
| Interactional Communication Model |
|
Definition
| A relatively one way type of conversation. (Stand up comic) One sender and one receiver but this time the sender gets feedback. |
|
|
Term
| Transactional Communication Model |
|
Definition
| Messages and feedback are sent to an from parties equally. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| All messages that people exchange besides the words themselves. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The use of hands, body movements, and facial expression while one is speaking. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movements of the body including posture, walk, and stance, which can provide clues about a person's status, mood, ethnic and cultural affiliation and self-perception. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Movements that accompany boredom, show internal feelings, or regulate a situation. For example, those who are bored often tap their fingers on a table or bounce a crossed leg. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Facial gestures that show emotions and feelings such as sadness or happiness; pouting, winking, and raising or lowering the eyelids and eyebrows are examples of affect displays. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Kinesic acts accompanying speech that are used to aid in the description of what is being said or to trace the direction of spee |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nonverbal acts that have a direct verbal translation or dictionary definition(e.g., making a circle with your thumb and pointing finger for OK. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Nonverbal acts that maintain and control the back and forth nature of speaking and listening between two or more people; nods of the head, eye movements, and body shifts are all regulators used to encourage or discourage conversation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The theory that suggests that a person will be given more credence based on how hot they are. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The theory that suggests that a person won't be given credence based on their ugliness. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A process that involves reception, perception, attention, the assignment of meaning, and response by the listener to the message presented. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Speaker --> Message --> Reception --> Attention --> Assignment of meaning --> Listener's response --> Feedback. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A biological activity that involves reception of a message through sensory channels; the first action in the listening process. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Information that is shaped by the language categories and by the way our brains process information. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The device in the brain that strains the stimuli received and separates what makes sense from what doesn't based on a person's background, culture, experience, roles, mental and physical state, beliefs, attitudes, and values. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The listeners attempt to distinguish among auditory and visual stimuli. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The attempt to recognize and retain the information in a message; to comprehend a message, the listener must first discriminate the message to recognize its auditory and visual components. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The attempt to be an empathic listener by putting oneself in the emotional and intellectual place of the sender; requires a listener to learn when to ask questions, when to stimulate further discussion, and when, if ever, to give advice. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A listener's attempt to comprehend and evaluate the message that has been received; a critical listener assesses the arguments and the appeals in a message and then decides whether to accept or reject them. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The attempt of a person to engage in enjoyment or sensor stimulation of a message, such as listening to humorous speakers, comedians, or music. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Role of the Speaker, Role of the Message, Role of the Channel, and the Role of External and Internal Variables. |
|
|
Term
| Intrapersonal Communication |
|
Definition
| Communication with yourself that includes thought processing, personal decision making, listening, and determination of self-concept. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A nearly constant subconscious monologue or inner speech with oneself; sometimes referred to as inner speech. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The image a person lets others know, Objection is to get people to like them through their alter ego. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What a person thinks of herself or himself when being most honest about her or his interests, thoughts, emotions, and needs. |
|
|
Term
| Communication Apprehension |
|
Definition
| Speech anxiety that may be situation specific , as when a person is anxious about communicating in a specific setting, or general, as when a person is anxious about communicating all situations. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| What a person perceives to be of positive or negative worth. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A person's perspectives and viewpoints. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Interpersonal Communication |
|
Definition
| Communication that takes place between two persons who establish a communicative relationship that includes conversations, interviews, and small-group discussions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A pattern of rules and methods that is set up in communicative relationships and that describes how the relationship is functioning; a pattern of communication determined by who is participating, the setting, the purpose, and how these elements interact. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An individual's investment of money, time, and emotion in a relationships; the investment as a part of the economic model of relationships. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| An individuals' profits from being involved in a relationship; the positive gains received as a part of the economic model of relationships. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The ability to control what happens -- to cause things you want to happen and to block things that you do not want to happen. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Ability to influence people based on the knowledge and skills you are presumed to have. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Power based on personal loyalty, friendship, affection, and admiration. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Power attained because you have the goods that people want. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Power stemmed from fear of consequences that may follow if you are not listened to. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Power based on a perceived higher position than the one power is being exercised on. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intentionally letting another person know who you are by communication self-revealing information, which can be done through verbal or nonverbal messages. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Dealing with conflict by not confronting the conflict; putting up with the status quo, no matter how unpleasant, in order to avoid conflict. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Cultures in which conflict is accepted as important part of life; common in most of the Middle East, Mediterranean, Central, and South American, and Arabic countries. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The act of bargaining to reach an agreement in which at least two people work on a mutual problem. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Expert third party sits in on an argument and helps the parties reach a conclusion. Both sides agree to abide by the decision. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Using a judge to decide a conflict. Decision is based on evidence. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A third party helps the others arrive to their own conclusion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The person who is being interviewed; she or he should prepare for the session by knowing the purpose of the meeting and what his or her and responsibilities are. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The person responsible for an interview's arrangements; person who takes the lead in conducting the activity; usually establishes the time, location, and purpose of the meeting. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Explicit Questions with short answers eg "when were you born" |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Not so direct, still require an objective answer. Eg What is your educational background. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A question which provides the interviewee with an opportunity to provide their opinion. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Opinion based question with only a yes or no answer. Eg. Do you like hawt secks? |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Questions that try to elicit a desired response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Questions designed to elicit an emotional response. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A question which is designed to generate a response that agrees with the interviewer. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Intended to get a person to expand upon a comment they have already made. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Questions that are used to get the interviewee to explain further meaning. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Multiple people communicating with one another to fulfill a goal. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| More opinions, and the risky shift phenomenon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Groupthink, Pollyanna-Nietzsche effect. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| When in a group people are more likely to take chances and act less conservatively. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The mode of thinking by members of a group engaged in the process of decision making in which concurrence seeking becomes so dominant that it tends to override realistic appraisal of alternative courses of action. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Takes place when a speaker uses the ideas and words of someone else while offering them as his or her own without giving credit to the originator of the material. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| A layout of how the speech will go, how the audience may react, where they are coming from etc. |
|
|
Term
| Monroe's Motivated Sequence |
|
Definition
| Attention, Need, Satisfaction, Visualization, Action |
|
|
Term
| Maslow's Hierarchy of Human Needs |
|
Definition
| Self Actualization, Esteem, Love/Belonging/Safety/Physiological |
|
|
