Term
Characteristics of communication skills Actions |
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Definition
| Behaviors performed by a person |
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Term
Characteristics of communication skills Goal-oriented |
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Definition
| Set of behaviors are directed towards achieving a particular outcome |
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Term
Characteristics of communication skills Repeatable |
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Definition
| Ability to perform in the same or better as the context calls |
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Term
Characteristics of communication skills Sequential |
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Definition
| Certain behaviors need to occur in a certain order |
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Term
Characteristics of communication skills Contexual |
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Definition
| Skills and goals depend on the context they are performed in |
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Term
Abstractness of skills: Specific level skills |
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Definition
| Includes behaviors such as gestures, eye contact, smiling, vocabulary, articulation, vocal variety, etc. |
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Term
Abstractness of skills: General level skills |
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Definition
| Represents the assembly of the specific level skills, or how you put them together in a certain context. |
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Term
Interpersonal skills: Topic development |
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Definition
| The management of the topic under discussion |
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Term
Interpersonal skills: Time management |
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Definition
| Balancing the time each person gets to talk |
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Term
Interpersonal skills: Assertiveness |
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Definition
| Expressing your rights or views in a way that violates someone else's rights or views |
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Term
Interpersonal skills: Passion communication |
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Definition
| Avoidance of self-expression, accomadating someone else's concerns over your own |
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Term
Interpersonal skills: Avoidance |
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Definition
| Displaces conflict; postpones conflict to another time or place |
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Term
Interpersonal skills: Distributive |
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Definition
| Attempt to divide outcomes of conflict so you win more than you other |
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Term
Interpersonal skills: Integrative |
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Definition
| Attempt to bring your goals together with the other persons so you both achieve what you want |
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Term
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Definition
| Saying something during another person's turn to talk |
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Term
Interruptions: Deep interruptions |
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Definition
| taking over another speaker's turn in the middle of their statement. |
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Term
Dimensions of epressiveness: Wide-narrow |
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Definition
| Range of tones from lower frequency of a relaxed vocal tract to higher frequency of a tense vocal tract |
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Term
Dimensions of epressiveness: Tense-lax |
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Definition
| Range from the harshness of a metallic or piercing voice to a continuous, more muffled and relaxed voice |
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Term
Dimensions of epressiveness: Full-thin |
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Definition
| Range from deep and forceful resonance that communicates strong energy to more rapid and shallow resonance and low energy voices |
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Term
| Challenges to managing interpersonal skills |
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Definition
Mindlessness, overlearning, adaptability, consistency, moderation, balancing, conversational narcissism |
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Term
Challenges to managin interpersonal skills: Adaptability |
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Definition
| The ability to alter skills appropriately as contexts and conversations evolve and change |
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Term
Challenges to managin interpersonal skills: Consistency |
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Definition
| Maintaining similar ways of behaving across contexts and conversations |
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Term
Challenges to managin interpersonal skills: Moderation |
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Definition
| Use of attentiveness, composure, coordination, and expressiveness skills demonstrate competence but not when over used |
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Definition
| Level of how embarrassed people get |
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Definition
| Being embarrassed when something happens to someone else |
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Definition
| Being embarrassed when something happens to you |
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Term
| Definition of credibility: |
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Definition
| Speaker credibility is the 1st impression listeners form of a speaker in a given public speaking context & at a given time. These impressions change over time. |
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Term
Definition of credibility: Initial credibility |
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Definition
| Based on what you audience knows about you before hearing you speak |
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Term
Definition of credibility: Derived credibility |
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Definition
| Based on what you say and how you behace, develops as the audience listens to you speak. The credibilty of information you present and your presentation skills both affect derived credibility |
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Term
Definition of credibility: Terminal credibility [Long term credibility] |
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Definition
| The long term impression you leave behind-what happens after the listeners go home and think about after your speech. As they reflect on what you said and how said it, their impressions of your credibility and competence as a speaker will change and solidify |
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Term
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Definition
| Enhances the listeners' understanding and enthusiasm for a speech by the use of words that are clear, vivid, and appropriate |
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Term
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Definition
| Promotes enthusiasm for a speech by bringing the speaker's message to life and moving the audience emotionally. It makes the speech and its main points memorable, engaging, and real for listeners |
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Term
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Definition
| Presents information in a way that respects and treats all audience members as equals without being condescending or using biased language and stereotypes. |
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Term
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Definition
To help listeners interpret your words as you intended them, use language and words that are more concrete than abstract. Concrete word: Something specific that your audience can visualize such as an object, person, or specific place |
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Term
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Definition
Use of phrases like "its raining cats and dogs" are confusing to poeple from other countries. Using elaborate language may be tempting, but the chance of mispronouncing it or misusing a fancy word will lower your credibility. |
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Definition
| The creation of mental pictures and imagined sensory experiences through description. When listeners can almost see, feel, taste, smell, or hear something, they're more likely to be impressed and remember it. |
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Term
| Difference figures of speech |
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Definition
| simile, metaphor, analogy, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| The speed at which the speaker delivers a speech. |
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Definition
The highness or lowness of the speaking voice. Chnage in pitch: Inflection |
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Term
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Definition
| Intensity, the loudness/softness of the voice |
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Term
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Definition
| Makes the use of increased variety in rate and pitch and increased volume, so your words are easily heard and understood by the entire audience |
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Term
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Definition
| Used in interpersonal conversations or small groups |
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Term
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Definition
The vehicle you use to communicate how you feel about what you're saying. If you don't believe the claim, you're facial expressions will reveal your doubt. |
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Term
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Definition
| Reinforce what you say, emphasize important points and makes presentations more intersting |
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Term
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Definition
| Position/Attitude of body parts, and it communicates your attitude. |
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Term
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Definition
A confident conveys self assurance that you'll gain the audiences respect. During a speech, move with purpose to emphasize things or for a transition. Swaying or pacing communicates speaking anxiety |
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Term
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Definition
| Presenting a speech in a way that the audience doesnt focus on the elements of the delivery but pays full attention to the message |
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Term
Overcoming Speech Anxiety: Systematic desensitization |
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Definition
| A process that desensitizes a person's feelings and emotional reactions to public speaking by using positive visualization and encourages a person to relax while contemplating a particular speaking event. |
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Term
Overcoming Speech Anxiety: Cognitive Modification |
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Definition
| A process that changes or modifies unrealistic beliefs about public speaking. This enables the speaker to confront his/her beliefs and fears and question their validity and value |
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Term
Overcoming Speech Anxiety: Goal Setting |
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Definition
| Process of alleviating anxiety that makes the use of a structured plan for chaning a person's public speaking behaviors |
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Term
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Definition
| Sending messages out to large audiences but adapted to individuals or groups within the audience for whom the message has special relevance |
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Definition
The integration of media technologies Ex: Cellphone it is now increasinly likely to have a camera and video |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of managing messages for the purpose of creating meaning in a large audience |
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Term
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Definition
| This is the prediction that media operate with direct casual force on audience attitudes, beliefs and behaviors. To some extent strong effects models viewed mass communication messages as a hypodermic needle or magic bullet that inserted the desired messages into the passive minds of the audience. These models propse a type of one step flow of mass communication messages |
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Term
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Definition
| Models viewed both the mass communication and the audience as having influence on the impact of messages |
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Term
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Definition
| Theory claims that the mass media do not determine what we think but they do have a significant influence over what we think about. Thus the degree to which we consider topic important is predicted to correspond to how much coverage those topic receive in the media |
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Term
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Definition
| Cultivation effects audiences perception of reality grow closer to what is portrayed in the media. |
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Term
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Definition
| Needs or goals being served by the media consumption |
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Term
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Definition
| Needs or goals we use media to fulfill |
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Term
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Definition
| The needs or goals that the media effectively satisfy |
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Term
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Definition
| Perceived attachments to characters real or fictional portrayed in the media |
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Term
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Definition
Infotainment-inclusion of content format and style in news intended to enhance the attention and retention of media consumers on emotional and aesthetic grouds Gate keeping- The decision making that determines what gets investigated, reported aired or printed and how this info is edited formatted and styled |
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Term
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Definition
| Critical consumption of mass communication |
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Term
3 components of media literacy knowledge
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Definition
| Critical thinking, Ethical criteria, and skepticism. |
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Term
| Critical thinking is the ability to... |
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Definition
| Analyze, hypothesize, and criticize |
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Term
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Definition
| Ability to draw messages out to their implications and engage in what if scenarios |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to apply standards of evaluation to a message to determine its value |
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Term
| 7 Parts of Critical thinking |
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Definition
| Analyzing, Hypothesizing, synthesizing, Criticizing, Data, Claim, Warrant. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Forming- Coming together Storming- Conflict over group roles Norming- Establishing normal behavior Performing- Acting as "we" not "me" |
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Term
| 3 properties of healthy systems |
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Definition
Holism-Sum of the group is more than the parts put together Equifinality- Different paths to the same final state Permeability- Being open to outside influences |
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Term
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Definition
| Assessing the problem and forming possible solutions |
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Term
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Definition
| Selecting among alternative explanations of proposals |
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Term
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Definition
| Process for analyzing the reasons for a problem and what is preventing the problem for being solved |
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Term
| Types of decision making questions |
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Definition
Fact- Focus is on whether or not something is true Conjecture- Asking about the future Value- Explores the importance, worth, and desirability or objects, attitudes, and beliefs Policy- Focus is on action that should be taken to solve a problem. |
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Term
| Reflective thinking model |
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Definition
| Series of steps that decision makers follow to make high-quality decisions |
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Term
| 6 Steps of the Reflective thinking model |
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Definition
- Defining the problem
- Define the scope and nature of the problem and identify factors that cause the problem
- Generate a number of solutions
- Develop criteria for choosing among alternative solutions and evaluate those solutions using the criteria
- Select the best solution
- Assess the solution to see whether it is the right one
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Term
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Definition
Assumes that particular decision-making functions can be ientified that when performed will lead to high quality decision making - Assess the problem situation
- Estabkish evaluation criteria
- Generate a range of alternatives
- Evaluate the alternatives in light of + and - consequences.
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Term
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Definition
| When groups try to achieve a consensus regarding their decision |
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Term
| 5 task skills key to managing effective decisions |
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Definition
- Defining the problem
- Analyzing the problem
- Identifying criteria for solving it
- Generating solutions or alternatives
- Evaluating solutions
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Term
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Definition
| When group members establish a norm that makes consenses the highest priotiy and diminishes the vigilant appraisal of the reasons and consequences of possible alternatives to their final decision |
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Term
Strategies for divergent thinking: |
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Definition
Brianstorming and Brainwriting |
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Term
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Definition
| Members generate ideas individually then share with the group and discuss ideas as a group |
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Term
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Definition
| Visual maps of important causes that influence outcomes the group members want to pursue |
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Term
| Devil's advocate procedure |
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Definition
| Group assigns someone to question assumptions and processes the group uses to make decisions |
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Term
Contrived dissent Vs. Genuine dissent |
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Definition
Individuals hold similar opinons but reality test their decision by questioning it Individuals truly hold different opinions |
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Term
| 5 Ethical considerations for group leaders: |
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Definition
- Explore motivation for group to make decision
- Determine group responsibility
- Clearly comm. tasks of group
- Provide feedback on tasks
- Provide feedback on implementation of the group's decision
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Term
| Leadership is a communication process |
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Definition
| it helps groups organize themselves to achieve desirable goals |
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Term
Approaches to thinking about leadership: Trait |
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Definition
| Focuses on traits an individual is born with such as intelligence, motivation, drive, social competence, assertiveness, and communication anxiety |
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Term
Approaches to thinking about leadership: Functional |
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Definition
| Focuses less on the person's traits and more on their actions |
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Term
Approaches to thinking about leadership: Situational |
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Definition
| Directly tied to what leaders say and do. |
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Term
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Definition
| Behavior is aimed at achieving goals, clarifying purpose, maintaining focus, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| emphasizes the importance of building positive group culture and managing conflicts |
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Definition
| Problem with maintaining constructive tension between getting the task done and maintaining a positive group enviro |
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Term
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Definition
| Uses two-way communication among leaders and followers who have equal status and collectively determine the direction of the group |
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Term
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Definition
| Leaders have more power than followers and use one-way communication to direct and guide the actions of followers |
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Term
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Definition
| Task structure, group maturity, group commitment and acceptance, information requireents and ambiguity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Task Oriented, directive and autocratic, Male leaders recieve higher evaluations than females |
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Term
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Definition
| Relationship oriented, democratic and participatory, less positive when adapting autocratic styles. |
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Term
Group Conflict: Affective conflict |
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Definition
| results from the interpersonal relationships formed among group members and the group's emotional conflict |
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Term
Group Conflict: Ideational conflict |
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Definition
| Centers on the different opinions people may have about how to define problems, generate solutions, set and apply criteria, and select among competing alternatives. |
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Term
Group Conflict:
Procedural conflict
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Definition
| Differences of opinion about what procedures to use during group discussion |
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Term
| 2 skills that create a supportive enviro |
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Definition
| Achnowledging and Reflecting |
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