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Definition
Which element causes red in Ruby and Green in Emerald? |
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Definition
Which type of twinning is caused by enviromental change after the gem forms? |
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Definition
Which type of twinning looks as if two crystal halves are mirror images? |
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Definition
Sapphire's color change is caused by |
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The most common # of rays in Star Sapphire |
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Th 1st flame-fusion Star Rubies were produced in the |
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Which is the most prised bodycolor in Star Corrundum? |
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Definition
What causes the Pink color Corundum? |
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Which Fancy Sapphire hue regularly commands top prices? |
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Which color Sapphireis usually cut shallow due to parting? |
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Definition
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A major source of Black Sapphire.
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Definition
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The name padparadscha means |
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What's a common trade name for intensely saturated, light to medium pinkish orange to orange-pink sapphires? |
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Definition
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Color-change sapphire typically changes from blue or violet to |
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Definition
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Definition
Asterism in black star sapphirenis caused by |
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Which is the most prized bodycolor in star corundum? |
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Fancy sapphires from Montana tend to be |
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Essence d'orient is a mixture of |
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Definition
Largest gem-quality natural pearl |
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Definition
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Definition
Tahitian cultured pearls with a dark green-grey, blue-grey rosé purple overtones |
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Definition
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Definition
What happens when saltwater cultured pearls are exposed to gamma rays? |
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Definition
Narce quality classification "Nucleus not noticable, no chalky apperance." |
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Term
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Definition
the matching level that describes a group of pearls that have minor variations in uniformity is |
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Definition
Aragonite is a crystalized form of |
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Definition
By ____Kokichi Mikimoto begun cultivating whole pearls |
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Definition
was the 1st South Sea Farm |
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Term
Saltwater whole cultured pearls-mantle tissue and a bead nucleus |
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Definition
Freshwater whole cultured pearls-mantle tissue peice only |
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Definition
Japanesse pearls die off in massive numbers |
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Definition
South Sea cultured pearls are produced principally in Australia, Indonesia and |
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Definition
Which element does chormium substitute for Ruby's red? |
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Definition
A gem colored by an element that's part of it's basic chemistry is called |
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Definition
which element causes the color of both almandite and peridot? |
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Definition
The process where electrons selectively absorb light are passed back and forth between neighboring imputiy ions is known as |
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Definition
Which components of a transition elements atoms can produce color in gems? |
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Definition
When a gems crystal structure splits into two rays that each travel at slightly different speeds and direction, it's called |
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Term
| A gem produced by, or derived from, a living organism is |
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Definition
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| Which of the following is an organic gem? |
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Definition
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| A substance that consists of atoms of only one kind is a |
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Definition
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| A natural, inorganic substance with a chemical composition and usually characteristic crystal structure is a |
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Definition
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Definition
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| Which of the following is amorphous |
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Definition
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Term
| A broad gem category based on chemical composition and crystal structure is a |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is a gem variety? |
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Definition
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| Which group does almandite belong to? |
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Definition
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Term
| The worlds largest gem consuming market is |
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Definition
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Term
| Compared to the domestic market for diamonds, the US domestic market for natural, unset, non-diamond gem is |
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Definition
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Term
| To be a gem a mineral must be beautiful, durable, and |
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Definition
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Term
| Many colored stones are mined by |
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Definition
| independent miners using small-scale mining methods. |
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Term
| Media attention in the 1990's regarding it's treatment reduced consumer confidence in |
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Definition
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Term
| Most gemstones form in the |
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Definition
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Term
| Rocks altered by heat and pressure are |
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Definition
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Term
| Which gem can crystalize in volcanic rock from gases released by magma? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is a key locality for hydrothermal gems |
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Definition
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Term
| Which gem forms by metamorphism? |
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Definition
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Term
| Heat and pressure form limestone into |
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Definition
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Term
| A deposit where gems are found in the rock that carried them to the earth's surface is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of deposit usually the most profitable for colored stone mining? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is a deposit where gems eroded from the source rock and remained in place nearby? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is a workable alluvial deposit of gem minerals with economic potential? |
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Definition
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Term
| Kunzite is most often found in association with |
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Definition
| tourmaline and beryl in pegmatite |
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Term
| Myanmar's famous Mogok ruby deposits were formed by |
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Definition
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Term
| Pegmatite gems are rich in volatile elements like |
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Definition
| beryllium, boron and lithium |
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Term
| Most of the gems in Tanzania's Umba River Valley are found in |
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Definition
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Term
| Emeralds are rarely found in placer deposits because they're |
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Definition
| unable to withstand much abraision. |
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Term
| A unit cell defines a mineral's |
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Definition
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Term
| If a crystal grows in a flux that is highly saturated with the neccessary elements, it tends to be |
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Definition
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Term
| Which aggregate's crystals are visible only with a magnification greater then a standard gemological microscope's? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which is classified in the orthorhombic crystal system? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of twinning is caused by enviromental change after the gem forms? |
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Definition
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Term
| Needles of actinolite found in emerald are classified as |
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Definition
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Term
| A two-phase inclusion is a cavity in a gem that's typically filled with a |
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Definition
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Term
| Atoms in a gem that are not part of it's essential chemical composition are |
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Definition
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Term
| The trace elements that cause corrundum's blue are |
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Definition
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Term
| An object's weight in relation to it's size is called it's |
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Definition
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Term
| Which gems are cryptocrystalline aggregates? |
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Definition
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Term
| Rough spinel often occurs as |
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Definition
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Term
| Many fasioned rubies have shallow proportions because they are cut fom |
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Definition
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Term
| The pattern of dark vertical lines or bands shown by certain gems when viewed through a spectroscope is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Which element does chromium substitute for to cause ruby's red? |
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Definition
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Term
| What element causes the color of both almandite and peridot? |
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Definition
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Term
| The process where electrons that selectively absorb light are passed back and forth between neighboring impurity ions is known as |
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Definition
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Term
| Which components of a transition element's atoms can produce color in gems? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which element causes the finest reds and greens in gemstones? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which transition element causes a greater variety of gem colors then any other? |
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Definition
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Term
| In many blue sapphires,the intervalence charge transfer that causes the color is between |
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Definition
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Term
| When a gem's crystal structure splits light into two rays that each travel at a slightly different speed and direction, it's called |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the only type of gem that shows pleochroism? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which gem can show three pleochroic colors? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which phenomenon is a broad flash of color? |
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Definition
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Term
| Adularescence is caused by |
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Definition
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Term
| The best-known and most valuable chatoyant gem is called cat's-eye |
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Definition
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Term
| A laboratory-created gem with essentially the same chemical composition, crystal structure, and proportions as it's natural counterpart is a |
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Definition
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Term
| The two main types of processes for synthetic gem production are melt and |
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Definition
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Term
| Low cost and high volume characterize which process? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which synthetic process developed rapidly due to laser research in the 1960's? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which process uses a heating unit to pass over a rotating solid rod of chemicals until it forms a synthetic crystal? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which process dissolves nutrients in chemicals to form sythetic crystals? |
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Definition
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Term
| The crucibles that work best for flux growth are |
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Definition
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Term
| The hydrothermal growth process is the only method used to produce which synthetic gem? |
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Definition
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Term
| Whch sythetic growth process uses an autoclave? |
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Definition
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Term
| Synthetic opal is grown using microscopic silica spheres that are produced by |
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Definition
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Term
| Which process involves heating finely ground powder, sometimes under pressure, to produce a fine-grained solid material? |
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Definition
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Term
| Synthetic turquoise is most likely produced by which process? |
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Definition
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Term
| The flux used in the flux process is a solid material that, when molten, |
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Definition
| dissolves other materials |
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Term
| The hydrothermal synthetic process requires a |
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Definition
| pressurized steel container and crushed chemical ingredients. |
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Term
| Which of these is considered a gem treatment? |
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Definition
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Term
| Written information on dyeing gems date back to about |
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Definition
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Term
| Which gem is commonly heat-treated |
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Definition
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Term
| Heat can lighten amethyst's purple by |
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Definition
| causing changes in color centers |
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Term
| Creating asterism with heat treatment is most common in |
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Definition
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Term
| What coloring agents do treaters using lattice diffusion to create a shallow layer of blue in corrundum? |
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Definition
| Titanium oxide and iron oxide |
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Term
| How deep is the color layer that lattice diffusion with titanium or chromium creates in corrundum? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which agent can create a shallow layer of asterism when it's introduced below the surface of a corrundum cabochon by lattice diffusion? |
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Definition
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Term
| For effective clarity enhancement, the material used to fill a gem's fractures must have nearly the same |
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Definition
| refractive index as the gem |
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Term
| After irradation,which gem's color is stable under normal wearing condition's? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| bleached and polymer impregnated |
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Term
| The Zachery method is a treatment applied to |
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Definition
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Term
| Heat treatment in a reducing environment |
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Definition
| deepens blue color in sapphire |
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Term
| Quartz or topaz with a thin layer of gold deposited on the surface is known as |
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Definition
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Term
| Treaters use sugar treatment to enhance |
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Definition
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Term
| In pearl culturing, the most difficult shape to produce is |
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Definition
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Term
| The largest gem-quality natural pearl is known as the |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| In the trade, Tahitian cultured pearls with a dark green gray to blue grey body color and rosé to purple overtones are called |
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Definition
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Term
| which overtone color increases the value of akoya cultured pearls with white bodycolor? |
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Definition
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Term
| When mollusks live in cooler water, they form |
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Definition
| pearls with higher luster |
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Term
| Pearls that show noticeable surface characteristics are |
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Definition
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Term
| The best way to clean pearls is |
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Definition
| with warm, mild soapy water |
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Term
| The narce quality classification described as "Nucleus not noticeable, no chalky appearance" is |
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Definition
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Term
| The matching level that describes a group of pearls that have minor variations in uniformity is |
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Definition
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Term
| Farmers of every cultured pearl type do at least which of these after harvest? |
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Definition
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Term
| Almost all akoya and Chinese freshwater pearls are |
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Definition
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Term
| Usually, the diameters of the cultured pearls in a husk vary from each other by no more than |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens when saltwater cultured pearls are exposed to gamma rays? |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
| Aragonite is a crystallized form of |
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Definition
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Term
| Which industry directly contributed to the decline of the natural pearl industry? |
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Definition
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Term
| The great majority of freshwater whole cultured pearls grow from a |
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Definition
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Term
| The four major types of cultured whole pearls are akoya, South Sea, freshwater and |
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Definition
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Term
| South Sea cultured pearls are produced princpally in Australia, Indonesia, and |
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Definition
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Term
| The oyster used to grow Tahitian cultured pearls is |
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Definition
| Pinctada margaritifera (think piña colada & margarita) |
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Term
| The narceous layer inside a pearl-bearing mollusk's shell is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Which country produces the most freshwater cultured pearls? |
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Definition
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Term
| A number of similar cultured pearl strands bundled together is called a |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| very small natural pearls |
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Term
| The most highly valued hues of blue sapphire are |
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Definition
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Term
| What trace elements cause blue sapphire's color? |
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Definition
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Term
| Blue sapphire that originate in basaltic rock generally have |
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Definition
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Term
| Milky, greyish or brownish corrundum that can be treated to a fine blue color is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Finer-quality Kashmir sapphires typically show |
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Definition
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Term
| Australian blue sapphire color is often described as |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Blue sapphire's most common crystal habit is |
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Definition
| a spindle-shaped hexagonal pyramid or bipyramid |
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Term
| Blue sapphire's pleochroic colors are typically |
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Definition
| slightly greenish blue and slightly violetish blue |
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Term
| Most fine sapphire's over 100cts. come from |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following sources emerged in the 1990's as a significant source of good to fine=quality sapphire? |
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Definition
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Term
| The world's largest blue-sapphire exporter is |
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Definition
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Term
| The sapphire market level supplied by Switzerland is |
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Definition
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Term
| Kashmir's most important production period was from |
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Definition
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Term
| When did Madagascar become a significant source of blue sapphire? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which location supplies sapphires that are most likely not heat-treated? |
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Definition
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Term
| The most desirable emerald hues are |
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Definition
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Term
| Which element increases the amount of blue in an emerald's color? |
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Definition
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Term
| The trade term "Zambian" describes emeralds with |
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Definition
| more blushish color and darker tone than "Columbian." |
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Term
| Brazilian emeralds are mined from |
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Definition
|
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Term
| To emphasize the most desirable color, cutters orient a fashioned emerald with it's table |
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Definition
| perpendicular to the crystal's length |
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Term
| What's the estimated percentage of fashioned emeralds that contain filled fractures? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which two countries account for about 75 percent of emerald purchase worldwide? |
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Definition
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Term
| The four major emerald sources are Colombia, Zambia, Brazil and |
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Definition
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Term
| One of Columbia's traditional emerald mines is called |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Compared to emeralds from other sources, emeralds from African mines |
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Definition
| are less saturated in color |
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Term
| Trapiche emeralds were first discovered in |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Emerald's were discovered in Zambia in the |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Zambian emerald crystals are typically |
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Definition
|
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Term
| The Sandawana emerald mine was discovered in the |
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Definition
1950's
(think "sand and water, 50/50") |
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Term
| Who produced a hydrothermal synthetic emerald layer over faceted beryl seeds in the 1960's? |
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Definition
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Term
| In ancient Sanskrit, ruby is called ratnaraj or |
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Definition
| "King of precious stones." |
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Term
| The most valuable tone and saturation for ruby are |
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Definition
| medium to medium-dark tone and vivid saturation |
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Term
| Corrundum that came from marble deposits are typically low in |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Ruby deposits in Thailand, Cambodia and Madagascar are associated with |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Heat treating Mong Hsu rubies |
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Definition
| Eliminates dark centers or cores |
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Term
| The world's largest corrundum marketing center is |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Switzerland exports rubies that are primarily |
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Definition
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Term
| What location has supplied the world with most commercial-quality rubies since 1991? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| In the early 1980's, the major source for rubies was |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Compared to rubies from Myammar, most Thai rubies tend to be |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Rubies from Pailian, Cambodia are similar to those from |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Vietnamese rubies originate in |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are the Penny Lane and John Saul mines located? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Newly discovered ruby deposits at Vatomandy and Andilamena are in what country? |
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Definition
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|
Term
A gem's price divided by it's carat weight is called
|
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Definition
|
|
Term
| The international unit of measurement for gem weight is the |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Individual stone prices are reffered to as |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How many points are in a metric carat? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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|
