Term
| The immune system protects against -------------. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are examples of microorganism responsible for external assaults? |
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Definition
| Protozoan, bacteria, and viruses. |
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Term
| What are examples of microorganism responsible for internal assaults? |
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Definition
| Abnormal cells reproduce & form tumors that may become cancerous & spread. |
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Term
| 2 major categories of immune mechanisms: |
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Definition
| Innate immunity and adaptive immunity. |
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Term
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Definition
molecules on the surface of cells that are unique to an individual, thus identifying the cell as self to the immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| (Non-specific immunity/inherited immunity) provides a general, nonspecific defense against anything that is not "self". |
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Term
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Definition
| (Specific immunity/acquired immunity) acts as a specific defense against specific threatening agents |
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Term
| Fever is believed to increase--------function and inhibit --------. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ingestion and destruction of microorganisms or other small particles by phagocytes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical attraction of cells to the source of the chemical attractant. |
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Term
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Definition
| Process by which immune cells squeeze through the wall of a blood vessel to get to the site of injury or infection. |
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Term
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Definition
| Most numerous phagocyte; usually first to arrive at site of injury. |
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Term
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Definition
| (Means "large eater") large phagocytic cells. |
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Term
| Natural killer (NK) cells: |
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Definition
| (Third line of defense) lymphocytes that kill tumor cells and cells infected by viruses |
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Term
| Five classes of antibodies: |
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Definition
| Immunoglobulins M, G, A, E, and D |
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Term
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Definition
Antibody that naive B cells synthesize and insert into their own plasma membranes; the predominant class
*produced after initial contact with an antigen. |
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Term
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Definition
Makes up 75% of antibodies in the blood; predominant antibody of the
*secondary antibody response. |
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Term
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Definition
Major class of antibody in mucous membranes,
*in saliva and tears. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small amount; produces harmful effects such as allergies. |
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Term
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Definition
Small amount in blood;
*precise function unknown. |
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Term
What do the clones selected by antigens consist of and how are they selected?
(Clonal selection Theory) |
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Definition
| Lymphocytes and are selected according to the shape of antigen receptors on the lymphocyte's plasma membrane. |
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Term
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Definition
| Regulatory T-cells that suppress B cell differentiation, thus regulating immunity and promoting self-tolerance. |
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Term
| Describe innate immunity? |
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Definition
AKA Inborn or inherited immunity
Genetic mechanisms put innate immune mechanisms in place during development in the womb. |
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Term
| Adaptive or acquired immunity: |
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Definition
| Resistance developed after birth. |
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Term
| What are the two types of Adaptive or acquired immunity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Natural immunity results from: |
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Definition
| Non-deliberate exposure to antigens |
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Term
| Artificial immunity results from: |
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Definition
| Deliberate exposure to antigens, called immunization |
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Term
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Definition
- When the immune system responds to a harmful agent regardless of whether it was natural or artificial.
- Lasts longer than passive
- A child develops measles and acquires and develops immunity to a subsequent infection.
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Term
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Definition
- Developed when immunity from another individual is transferred to an individual who was not previously immune.
- It is temporary but provides immediate protection.
- A fetus receives protection from the mother through the placenta, or mother's milk.
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Term
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Definition
| The body contains many diverse clones of cells, each committed by its genes to synthesize a different antibody. |
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Term
| What are B cells first known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| Unknown function of which antibody? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which antibody makes up 75% of all antibodies in blood? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which antibody is produced after contact with an antigen? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which antibody is commonly found in tears and saliva? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which antibody is associated with a reaction? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules on the surface of cells that are unique to an individual, thus identifying the cell as "self" to the immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules on the surface of foreign or abnormal cells or particles that identify the particle as"non-self" to the immune system |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability of the immune system to attack abnormal or foreign cells but spare normal cells |
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Term
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Definition
| Genetic characteristics of the human species protect the body from certain pathogens |
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Term
| What are the innate immunity's first line of defense? |
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Definition
| Mechanical and chemical barriers |
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Term
| List the skin and mucous membranes that provide additional immune mechanisms. |
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Definition
Sebum
Mucus
enzymes
hydrochloric acid in the stomach |
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Term
| What is the second line of defense in the innate immunity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name 4 inflammation mediators. |
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Definition
Histamine
Kinins
Prostaglandins
Related Compounds |
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Term
| What are 4 characteristic signs of inflammation? |
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Definition
Heat
Redness
Pain
Swelling |
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Term
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Definition
Protein synthesized and released into circulation by certain cells if invaded by viruses to signal other nearby cells to enter a protective antiviral state
(TMI!) |
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Term
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Definition
LOL - you're pretty!
Seriously: A group of enzymes that produce a cascade of reactions resulting in a variety of immune responses |
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Term
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Definition
| Mark cells for destruction by phagocytes |
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Term
| Name the 2 primary classes of lymphocytes. |
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Definition
B lymphocytes (B cells)
T lymphocytes (T cells) |
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Term
| B cells develop in two stages - name them: |
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Definition
- Pre-B cells are formed in red bone marrow by hematopoietic stem cells shortly before and after birth (aka Naive cells (inactive)
- The second stage occurs in lymph notes and spleen - activation of a naive B cell occurs after it binds to a specific antigen
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