Term
|
Definition
| belief in dual nature of reality, mind & body are separate, body is made of ORDINARY matter, while brain is NOT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| belief that everything in the universe consists of matter & energy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the personality traits of a person were determined by "reading" bumps and fissures in the skull. Developed by German physician Franz Joseph Gall |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lesions to RIGHT PARIETAL CTX. failure to notice or remember things on LEFT side. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cutting of CORPUS CALLOSUM to fix epilepsy. divides 2 hemispheres to keep epilepsy on one side. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
functional units of communication, 100+ billion, independent units (Neuron doctrine)
-function
-location
-NT
-shape |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| receives input from a single synapse of an axon. Dendritic spines serve as a storage site for synaptic strength and help transmit electrical signals to the neuron's cell body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protects axon, increases rxn speed. an outgrowth glial cell: Schwann cells supply for the PNS, whereas oligodendrocytes supply it to the CNS. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
the "glue" of the CNS. They surround neurons and hold them in place.
-astrocytes
-oligodendrocyte
-microglia
-ependymal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glial cell that provides support for neurons of the CNS. provides nutrients and regulates the chemical composition of the extracellular fluid. remove excess NT and ions. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glial cell in the CNS that forms myelin sheath |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neuroglial cells that line ventricles and release CSF |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neuroglial cells that fight pathogens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, limbic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the two ventricles located in the center of the TELENCEPHALON |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ventricle located in the center of the center of the diencephalon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a narrow tube connecting the 3rd and 4th ventricles of the brain, in the center of the mesencephalon |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ventricle located between the cerebellum and the dorsal pons, in the center of the metencephalon. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fills ventricles and subarachnoid space, and is released by ependymal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lobe involved in the ability to recognize future consequences resulting from current actions, decision making, override and suppress unacceptable social responses, and determine similarities and differences between things or events. Also, non working LTM is held here. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lobe involved in involved in speech, memory, and hearing |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lobe that integrates sensory information from different modalities, particularly determining spatial sense and navigation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lobe involved in vision, V1 is located here. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| involved in arousal, emotions, learning, memory, and motivation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neurons found primarily in sensory systems (i.e. vision and audition) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| carries info from cell body to terminal button |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| control "conversation" between neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| spread electric potential changes along cell membranes without activating the kind of constant magnitude propagating signal that is characteristic of the action potential. Graded potentials are highest at a source and decay with increasing distance from the source. |
|
|
Term
| [image] action potential phases |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| reduction (toward zero) of the membrane potential of a cell from its normal resting period. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
The Na+/K+-ATPase helps maintain resting potential, avail transport and regulate cellular volume through ACTIVE TRANSPORT
K > CL > Na |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
receptors that contain a binding site for a nuerotransmitter and an ion channel that opens when a molecule of NT attaches to binding site
- FAST
- ions create excitation OR inhibition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
contain a binding site for a NT, activate an enzyme that opens an ion channel elsewhere
- slow
-long term changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of ligand or drug that binds and alters the activity of a receptor. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a type of receptor ligand or drug that does not provoke a biological response itself upon binding to a receptor, but blocks or dampens agonist-mediated responses. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a drug that binds and activates a receptor |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a drug that attaches to a binding site on a receptor and interferes with the action of the receptor, doesn't interfere with the binding site for the principal ligand. DOESNT PRETEND TO BE THE NT |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a drug that attaches to a binding site on a receptor and interferes with the action of the receptor, doesnt interfere wit the binding site of the principal ligand. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cellular process where cells eject waste products or chemical transmitters (such as hormones) from the interior of the cell. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-chemical deactivation
-recapture (endocytosis)
-glial uptake
-diffusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| activated by polarization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| increase in a cellular response to a molecular stimulus due to increase in the number of receptors on the cell surface |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cell decreases the number of receptors to a given hormone or neurotransmitter to reduce its sensitivity to this molecule |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| direct agonists and antagonists act directly on the NT binding site |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| binding of a drug to a site on an alternate receptor, modify the effects of the NT on opening of the channel. |
|
|
Term
| classes of neurotransmitters |
|
Definition
- amino acids
-biogenic amines
-neuropeptides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-must be SYNTHESIZED and RELEASED from neurons
- appropriate BIOCHEMICAL machinery must exist within the presynaptic neuron
- must be released in response to an ELECTRICAL SIGNAL
- should produce a PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSE in the postsynaptic target
- postsynaptic effects should be blocked by known ANTAGONISTS of the transmitter in a dose-dependent manner |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
NMDA (ionotropic)
AMPAa (ionotropic)
AMPAb (metabotropic)
Kainate (ionotropic) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-nicotonic (ionotropic)
-muscarinic (metabotropic) |
|
|
Term
| cholinergic brain regions |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-nigrostriatal (motor movement)
-mesoLIMBIC (reinforcement & addiction)
-mesocCORTICAL (working memory & planning) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
neuropeptides, modulate pain. main receptor: MU, DELTA, KAPPA. deals with pain,
- enkephalin
- dynophin
-B endorphin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-radionuclide is injected
-positrons interact with electrons which produce photons (gamma rays) travelling in opposite directions
-PET scanner detects photons
-map shows high to low activity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-images brain hemodynamics
-blood-oxygen level dependent
-advantages over PET:
*no injections
*structure and function
*shorter imaging time
*better spatial resolution
*3D images |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-noninvasive
-high temporal resolution
-direct reflection of neuronal activity
-less expensive than fMRI or PET
-poor spatial localization due to recordings made at the scalp
-better suited to answering questions about when not where. |
|
|
Term
| Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) |
|
Definition
-ability to stimulate the brain with magnetic fields
-coil placed over target brain region and you can excite or inhibit brain cells
-cognitive failures recorded (i.e. inhibit V1 and patient is blind) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
excitotoxic lesions: produced by intracerebral injection of an amino acid.
-6-HD |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
methylane blue , stains cell bodies of brain tissue, stains DNA and RNA
-CRESYL VIOLET
-stain cell bodies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nerve tissue staining, stain whole neurons |
|
|
Term
| intracellular unit recording |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| pineal gland: gateway to soul, arm should weigh more after movement because of fluid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| proved Descartes wrong, moves frog leg with static electricity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| separated sensory and motor organs, beginning of modern neuroscience |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trained rats to run through maze to find food and built memory. after lesioning hippocampus, rat should be lost but learned that memory was widely distributed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| "Tan" aphasic patient, "we speak with the L Hem", Broca's aphasia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Wernicke's aphasia, inability to understand language, but can produce it. posterior superior temporal gyrus left speech intact, but unable to understand language. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| if Broca's area and Wernicke's area are disconnected. Can't repeat words |
|
|
