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| "Holy People" - Sikhism is part of the sant tradition in India |
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| "Disciple" - 5th largest religion in the world. 20 million adherents |
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| weaver and mystical poet. Wrote songs that are sung today. Considered a "bridge between Muslims and Hindus" |
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| Leading Hindu Sant and Kabir's guru |
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| 10th Sikh Guru. Created the Khalsa. |
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| Nectar/Immortality. God gave Nanak a bowl of milk, or amrit, which gave him "power of prayer, love of worship, truth, and contentment" |
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| The Sikh scriptures, which teach that Hindus and Muslims worship the same God |
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| loving devotion to a formless God |
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| “the one supreme reality” |
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| The Three Truths of Sikhism |
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Meditation, Truthful Living, Sharing.
Meditation: Sikhs should recite or listen to God’s praises and offer prayers
•Truthful Living: Sikhs must lead a truthful life. Their actions should be true and noble
•Sharing: Sikhs should share wealth, knowledge and services with others who are less fortunate |
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| The Mul Mantra (“The Basic Statement”): |
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| “There is One God, Eternal Truth is His Name. Maker of all things, fearing nothing and at enmity with nothing, timeless is His image. Not begotten, being of His own Being: by the grace of the Guru, made known to humanity.” (Adi Granth) |
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| Two Significant points of the Mul Mantra |
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1.God has no enemies
2.God’s image is timeless |
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Long Hair, Comb, Steel Bracelet, Short Trousers, Sword.
1.Long Hair: long, uncut hair
2.Comb: a comb to keep hair tidy
3.Streel Bracelet: a steel bracelet to remind one that one is a servant of God
4.Short trousers: short trousers
5.Sword: a sword for dignity and willingness to fight for justice and protection of the weak |
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| Basic Beliefs and Practices of Sikhism |
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-Khalsa: (“Pure Ones”): The Sikh community.
-Equal Status for all human beings
-Community Kitchen |
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| Two main approaches to Chinese Religion |
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•the mystical way of Taoism
•the social way of Confucianism |
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| Four main strands of Chinese Religion |
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•Popular or folk religion
•Confucianism
•Taoism
•Buddhism |
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| Other Important Religions in China |
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| “the Lord-on-High.” The ruler but not creator of the universe; a great spiritual being who is the supreme ancestor of the Chinese |
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| Like Atman or Brahman, it can be thought of a the "Universal Spirit" |
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| “An impersonal self-generating energy.” This force has two aspects: Yin and Yang |
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| The two opposite energies [of ch’i] from whose interaction and fluctuation the universe in its diverse forms emerge |
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| the dark, receptive, female aspect: the moon |
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| the bright, assertive, male aspect: the sun |
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| ”the Way.” The creative rhythm of the universe. The interaction of yinand yangconstitutes the Tao |
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| the true bedrock of religious belief in China |
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| I Ching: (Book of Changes) |
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| One of the three pre-Confucian classics. A diviner’s manual (a diviner is a soothsayer, prophet, fortune-teller) |
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| this is the nearest generic term for religion in Chinese (tsungmeans ancestral, traditional, devotion, faith) |
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| „door‟ as in door to enlightenment, immortality |
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| “teaching,” „guiding doctrine” |
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| the religion of the Buddha |
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| the way of Confucius, or “the teaching of the scholars” |
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| Master K‟ung fu-tzu (fu-tzu= “master”) |
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| “The Second Sage” after Confucius. |
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| “the teaching of the scholars” |
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| “Selections.” Confucius‟s major work, arranged later by disciples |
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| An epitome of Confucius‟s teaching |
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| synthesis of moral duty and courtesy |
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| ancient ceremonial rites. It also means “ritual,” “propriety,” “civility” |
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| innate goodness, love, benevolence, humaneness, and human-heartedness |
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| moral rectification(or “rectification of names”): |
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| “The heart of moral rectification is filial piety to one‟s parents.” |
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| Respect for and devotion to one‟s parents |
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| “righteous conduct.” A principle articulated by Mencius |
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| Confucianism: The Five Relationships |
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1.Father and son
2.Older and younger siblings
3.Husband and wife
4.Older and younger friend
5.Ruler and subject |
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| the Way, or the watercourse way |
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| “The Classic of the Way and its Power” |
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| a minor official; wandered at age 160 off into the mountains to become a hermit |
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| a minor official; also became a hermit |
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| non-action, or not forcing |
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| undoing one‟s conditioning |
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| living naturally or in accord with the Tao; going with the the flow |
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The Tao that can be told
is not the eternal Tao
The name that can be named
is not the eternal Name. (1) |
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The Tao is like a well:
used but never used up.
It is like the eternal void:
filled with infinite possibilities.
It is hidden but always present.
I don't know who gave birth to it.
It is older than God. (4) |
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| Taoist Critique of Confucianism |
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Banish “wisdom” and discard “knowledge,”
And the people will be benefited a hundredfold.
Banish benevolence, discard morality,
And people will be dutiful and compassionate.
Abandon righteousness,
And people will return to filial piety and love.
Banish skill, discard profit,
And thieves and robbers will disappear.
Banish education,
And there will be no more sorrow. --Lao-tzu |
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| is the oldest Japanese indigenous religion. The worship of the kami is the soul of Japanese religion |
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| is concerned mostly with funerals, memorials for the dead, or ancestor worship, and safe passage to the abodes of their ancestors in Buddhist paradises |
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| gives social legitimation to the hierachy of father-son, ruler-citizen, etc. |
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| is concerned with divination and the calendar (good luck and bad luck days, important for deciding when to have weddings, funerals, start a journey) |
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| is expressed agricultural rituals and New Year celebrations (the simultaneous delivery of cards) |
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| blend elements of older religions, including Christianity, and are practiced by many Japanese, though few belong to more than one of these New Religions |
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| is influential among the almost completely non-Christian Japanese through widespread Bible reading (and reading of sophisticated Christian thinkers, Kierkegaard, Tillich, Barth) and its pioneering of various social reforms |
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| a Chinese word that means “way of faith” or “ way of the sacred.” The ancient religion of Japan. First among religious traditions in the mix of Japanese religions |
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| “god” or “spirit” or a quality. Kamiare the soul of Japanese religion. Kami(sing. or plur.) refers to “an object of worship, and can be translated as “god,” “goddess,” “deity,” or “spirit.” The word connotes the sacred quality of human existence and of the universe. |
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| ascetical purificatory rutual of standing under waterfall |
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| is a traditional Japanese gate commonly found at the entry to a Shinto shrine. A torii(tori= bird; i = place) is designed for birds to rest. This is because in Shinto birds are considered messengers of the god |
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