Term
|
Definition
| hematogenous and contiguous |
|
|
Term
| What are contigous ways of meningitis spread |
|
Definition
Otitis media
CSF leak
Paravertebral abscess
Sinusitis |
|
|
Term
| What are the Pathogenesis of Bacterial Meningitis |
|
Definition
| Nasopharyngeal Colonization -- Local Invasion -- Bacteremia -- Meningeal Invasion -- Bacterial Replication in Subarachnoid Space -- Release of Bacterial Components / Edema |
|
|
Term
| Cause of acute meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Cause of subacute/Insidious meningitis |
|
Definition
Cryptococcal
Tuberculous
Neoplastic |
|
|
Term
| Clinical findings of bacterial meningitis |
|
Definition
| Fever, Headache, Meningismus, Altered sensorium, Kernig’s sign, Brudzinski’s sign, Vomiting, Seizures, Focal findings, Papilledima |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| condition in which the patient shows signs of meningitis but examination reveals no pathologic changes in the meninges |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| positive when the leg is bent at the hip and knee at 90 degree angles, and subsequent extension in the knee is painful |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| appearance of involuntary lifting of the legs in meningeal irritation when lifting a patient's head off the examining couch, with the patient lying supine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| optic disc swelling that is caused by increased intracranial pressure |
|
|
Term
| Describe CSF findings of bacterial meningtis |
|
Definition
| Opening pressure >180mmH20, Glucose <40 mg/dL, Protein 100-500 mg/dL, WBC >1000/mm3 (mostly neutrophils), Gram stain positive, Culture positive, Antigen detection positive |
|
|
Term
| Common bacteria in neonatal meningitis |
|
Definition
Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B streptococci)
Escherechia coli
Listeria monocytogenes |
|
|
Term
| Common bacteria causing meningitis in age 1-23 mo |
|
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis |
|
|
Term
| Common bacteria causing meningitis in age 2-18 yrs |
|
Definition
Haemophilus influenzae type b
Neisseria meningitidis
Streptococcus pneumoniae |
|
|
Term
| Common bacteria causing meningitis in age 18-50 yrs |
|
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Neisseria meningitidis
Haemophilus influenzae |
|
|
Term
| Common bacteria causing meningitis in age > 50yrs |
|
Definition
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Listeria monocytogenes |
|
|
Term
| Predisposing factors for asplenia in bact meningitis |
|
Definition
| S. pneumoniae, N. meningitidis |
|
|
Term
| Predisposing factors for Complement deficiency in bact meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Predisposing factors for Corticosteroid use in bact meningitis |
|
Definition
| L. monocytogenes, C. neoformans |
|
|
Term
| Predisposing factors for HIV in bact meningitis |
|
Definition
| C. neoformans, S. pneumoniae |
|
|
Term
| Predisposing factors for Bacteremia/ Endocarditis in bact meningitis |
|
Definition
| S. aureus, Gram neg. rods |
|
|
Term
| Predisposing factors for Cribiform plate fracture in bact meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Most common cause of meningitis in adults |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Pneumococcal Meningitis associated with |
|
Definition
| pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, mastoiditis, CSF leak |
|
|
Term
| Risk factors of pneumococcal meningitis |
|
Definition
| ETOH, asplenia, multiple myeloma, malnutrition, chronic liver or renal disease, malignancy, and DM |
|
|
Term
| Meningococcal Meningitis is common in which population |
|
Definition
| children and young adults |
|
|
Term
| What serogroups of N. meningitidis commonly cause endemic meningococcal meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What serogroups of N. meningitidis commonly cause epidemic meningococcal meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What serogroups of N. meningitidis commonly associtated with pneumonia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is typically seen in meningococcal meningitis |
|
Definition
| terminal complement deficiencies (C5-C9) |
|
|
Term
| What pop. are typically affected by Listeria mono. meningitis |
|
Definition
| Neonates, elderly, alcoholics, immunosuppression |
|
|
Term
| What are the predisposing conditions of Listeria mono. meningitis |
|
Definition
| renal insufficiency, DM, liver disease, CVD, iron overload |
|
|
Term
| What is Listeria mono. meningitis outbreak assoc with |
|
Definition
| contaminated cheese, milk, cole slaw, salami, raw vegetables |
|
|
Term
| What did the study of dexamethasone (corticosteroid) in relation to meningtis show |
|
Definition
Early treatment with dexamthasone improved the outcome in adults with acute bacterial meningitis
most apparent in pneumococcal meningitis |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of tuberculous meningitis (chronic) |
|
Definition
Ocular palsies (VI), Lymphocytic pleocytosis, CSF with Acis-Fast Bacilli,
Cultures positive |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of C. neoforman meningitis (chronic) |
|
Definition
| Fever, headache, Immunosuppression, Lymphocytic pleocytosis, India ink stain positive, Antigen detection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| presence of a greater number of cells than normal, as in the CSF |
|
|
Term
| What bact usually cause Lyme meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristics of Lyme meningitis (chronic) |
|
Definition
Borrelia burgdorferi, Occurs 4 weeks after rash, Lymphocytic pleocytosis,
Facial cranial nerve palsies, Headache, Photophobia, nausea, vomiting |
|
|
Term
| What are the typical manifestation of Viral CNS infections |
|
Definition
| Meningitis, Encephalitis, Meningoencephalitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| infection of brain parenchyma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflammation of brain and meninges |
|
|
Term
| What viruses commonly cause viral meningitis during summer to fall |
|
Definition
Coxsackie
Echovirus
Non-poliovirus enteroviruses |
|
|
Term
| What viruses commonly cause viral meningitis during winter to spring |
|
Definition
Mumps
Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCM) |
|
|
Term
| What usually cause Mollaret’s meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Characteristic of Strep pneumoniae |
|
Definition
Gram +
Diplococci
Catalase -
Facultative Anaerobe
Alpha-hemolytic
Antigenic polysaccharide capsule
84 serotypes of capsule
Toxin: Pneumolysin
Optochin sensitive
No Lancefield antigen |
|
|
Term
| Characteristic of Neisseria meningitidis |
|
Definition
Gram -
Diplococci
Capsule
IgA protase
Extract iron from transferrin
Pilli
Toxin: LPS
Susceptible to neonates |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical presentation of viral meningitis |
|
Definition
Headache
Fever
Nausea and vomiting
Photophobia
Stiff neck |
|
|
Term
| What are the CSF findings of viral meningitis |
|
Definition
WBC <250 cells/mm3; Mostly lymphocytes
Elevated protein, but <150 mg/dL
Usually normal glucose |
|
|
Term
| What are the CSF findings of viral meningitis |
|
Definition
WBC <250 cells/mm3; Mostly lymphocytes
Elevated protein, but <150 mg/dL
Usually normal glucose |
|
|
Term
| What is the disease process for Lymphocytic Choreomeningitis Virus (LCM) |
|
Definition
| Epi contact with rodent -- nonspecific viral symptoms -- brief improvement -- severe headache, photophobia, lightheadedness, back myalgias, and pharyngitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lymphocytic pleocytosis (usually <750/mm3), low glucose |
|
|
Term
| What is Mollaret's meningitis |
|
Definition
| Benign recurrent lymphocytic meningitis |
|
|
Term
| Clinical findings of Mollaret's meningitis |
|
Definition
Fever, headache, nuchal rigidity
Symptoms resolve spontaneously in 2-5 days
Most common in young adults
WBC 100’s-1000’s cells/mm3 |
|
|
Term
| Encephalitis characteristics |
|
Definition
Involves brain parenychma:
abnormal gait, seizures, paralysis, nystagmus, visual and auditory hallucinations, Severe clouding of consciousness, Fever, Headache, No stiff neck |
|
|
Term
| What is the age group for HSV encephalitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which HSV cause 95% of HSV Encephalitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical presentation of HSV Encephalitis |
|
Definition
Fever
Personality change, hallucinations, aphasia
Temporal lobe localization
HSV in CSF |
|
|
Term
| Clinical presentation of West Nile Fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical presentation of West Nile Meningitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical presentation of West Nile Encephalitis |
|
Definition
Headache
Altered mental status
Muscle weakness
Decreased reflexes
Paralysis
Low incidence of seizures
Erythematous rash
Lymphopenia |
|
|
Term
| What causes Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy? |
|
Definition
| JC Virus; human papillomavirus |
|
|
Term
| Clinical presentation of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy |
|
Definition
| Altered mental status, speech and visual disturbances, ataxia, hemiparesis |
|
|
Term
| Imaging results of pt with PML |
|
Definition
| single or multiple confluent hypodense nonenhancing lesions, parieto-occipital white matter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| focal intracerebral infection that begins as cerebritis and develops into a collection of pus |
|
|
Term
| Which bacteria cause most brain abscess case |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bacteria typically cause brain abscess |
|
Definition
Streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus,
Anaerobes, Enteric GNRs |
|
|
Term
| What fungus typically cause brain abscess |
|
Definition
Cryptococcus neoformans
Aspergillus spp.
Candida spp.
Mucormycosis, dematiaceous fungi |
|
|
Term
| What protozoa typically cause brain abscess |
|
Definition
Toxoplasma gondii
Taenia solium
Toxoplasma gondii
Taenia solium |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of brain abscess |
|
Definition
| Headache, Mental status chance, Focal neurologic deficits, Fever, Triad (fever, headache focal deficit), Seizures, Nausea and vomiting, Nuchal rigidity, Papilledema |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cerebral mass lesion in AIDS patients |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Clinical presentation of Toxoplasmosis |
|
Definition
| Headache, confusion, fever, lethargy, seizures, hemiparesis, ataxia, cranial nerve palsies |
|
|
Term
| Image results of Toxoplasmosis |
|
Definition
| single or multiple contrast enhancing lesions |
|
|
