Term
|
Definition
| as a flat sheet of mesenchymal cells |
|
|
Term
| what does the embryonic sheet of mesenchymal cells doe |
|
Definition
| forms a hole in the middle of the sheet and the cells invaginate into the hol |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the invagination of mesenchymal cells into the hole |
|
|
Term
| what 3 primary germ layers are formed by gastrulation |
|
Definition
| ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm |
|
|
Term
| what is the key consequence of gastrulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cylinder of mesodermal cells that extends from anterior-posterior in the midline of the embryo |
|
|
Term
| what is the neuroectoderm |
|
Definition
| the ectoderm directly above the notochord |
|
|
Term
| what will the neuroectoderm become |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the notochord do |
|
Definition
| sends inductive/instructive molecular signals to neuroectoderm cells, instructing them to become neural precursor cellss |
|
|
Term
| when does neurulation occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| formation of the primitive nervous system |
|
|
Term
| what do the signalled neuroectoderm cells do in neurulation |
|
Definition
| thicken into the neural plate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| columnar epithelium formed by neuroectoderm cells |
|
|
Term
| how is the neural tube formed |
|
Definition
| lateral margins of the neural plate fold inward and upward |
|
|
Term
| what does the neural tube become |
|
Definition
| brain and spinal cord = entire CNS |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mesoderm adjacent to the neural tube |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| axial muscles and skeleton/vertebrae |
|
|
Term
| where does the neural tube usually close |
|
Definition
| first at center then at both ends |
|
|
Term
| what do we call cells in the neural tube |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do neural precursor cells become |
|
Definition
| first neuroblasts, then neurons |
|
|
Term
| what do neuroblasts become |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is formed by ventral midline cells in the neural tube |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do cells in the floor plate do |
|
Definition
| tell other cells in the neural tube whether to become motor or sensory neurons |
|
|
Term
| what determines whether cells in the neural tube will become motor or sensory neurons |
|
Definition
| cells that are close to the floor plate are told to become motor neurons. Cells that are farther away don’t' get the memo and will become sensory neurons |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are motor neurons formed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| are motor neurons formed ventrally or dorsally |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| do motor neurons come out of the spinal cord at the ventral or dorsal horn |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the most dorsal cells of the neural tube |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the sulcus limitans |
|
Definition
| limit of wher eneurons will be motor or sensory neurons |
|
|
Term
| in the brainstem, are motor nuclei medial or lateral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the brainstem, are sensory nuclei medial or lateral |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do neural crest cells do after they are formed |
|
Definition
| migrate away from the neural tube along specific pathways, which influences their final destination/fate |
|
|
Term
| what 5 things can neural crest cells eventually become, based on their final destination |
|
Definition
| 1. sensory neurons in the dorsal root ganglia; 2. postganglionic autonomic nerves; 3. chromaffin cells of the adrenal gland; 4. non-neural cells (melanocytes, cartilage, bone cells); 5. schwann cells in the PNS |
|
|
Term
| if I'm a neuron in the basal plate, what am i |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if I'm a neuron in the alar plate, what am i |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the result of failure of the posterior neural tube to close completely |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the result of failure of the anterior neural tube to close completely |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are 2 potential causes for neural tube abnormalities |
|
Definition
| retionic acid excess, folic acid insufficiency |
|
|
Term
| what can retinoic acid excess do |
|
Definition
| inhibit neural tube closure |
|
|
Term
| what can folic acid insufficiency do |
|
Definition
| alter proper neural tube formation by disputing cell division and motility |
|
|
Term
| what does retinoic acid come from |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is spina bifida occulta |
|
Definition
| defect in vertebrae that doesn't affect neural tissue |
|
|
Term
| what is spina bifida cystica |
|
Definition
| neural tissue and/or meninges protrude through the defect in the vertebrae |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| meninges protrude through defect in vertebrae. Can be fixed surgically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nerves entering spinal cord don't form properly. Lower limb paralysis and bladder/bowel problems |
|
|
Term
| what forms at the anterior bend of the neural tube |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the balloon at the very anterior end of the neural tube form |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is another term for forebrain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms in the cephlic flexure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is another term for midbrain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms behind the cephalic flexure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is another term for hindbrain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what bend is located behind the hindbrain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what forms the ventricals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the prosencephalon divide into |
|
Definition
| telencephalon and diencephalon |
|
|
Term
| what does the rhombencephalon divide into |
|
Definition
| metencephalon and mylencephalon |
|
|
Term
| what does the metencephalon become |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the mylencephalon become |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is significant about the growth of the telencephalon |
|
Definition
| grows and curls around in a C-shape |
|
|
