Term
| Which rotator cuff test tests for AC impingement? What is a positive test? |
|
Definition
| Neer’s Impingement Test - Positive Test = pain with forward flexion |
|
|
Term
| Which rotator cuff test tests for AC impingement and the supraspinatus? What is a positive test? |
|
Definition
Hawkins-Kennedy Impingement Test
Positive Test - Pain with 60 degree arm flexion |
|
|
Term
| What nerve is important to check with shoulder dislocations? |
|
Definition
| Axillary n. (check sensation on mid-deltoid) |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of proximal humeral fracture? |
|
Definition
Pain & swelling around shoulder joint
Ecchymosis, elbow to neck
Pain w/ ROM
Pt supporting/guarding arm |
|
|
Term
| What is a common mechanism that results in proximal humeral fractures? |
|
Definition
| Elderly fall on out stretched hand |
|
|
Term
| What classification is used to describe proximal humeral fractures? What are the 4 parts? |
|
Definition
Neer Classification
1 - Humeral Head
2 & 3 - Lateral and medial tuberosities
4 - Shaft |
|
|
Term
| How is a clavicular fracture treated? |
|
Definition
Ortho
Protected: 4-6 wks – children, 8 wks -adult |
|
|
Term
| What physical tests are used to diagnose Thoracic Outlet syndrome? |
|
Definition
Adson test
Roos test
Halstead test |
|
|
Term
| What are the three components of thoracic outlet syndrome and what are their symptoms? |
|
Definition
Nerve - numbness, tingling, decreased strength, burning
Artery - pallor, decreased pulses, claudication of forearm m.
Vein - abnormal swelling of affected side |
|
|
Term
| What is the MC cause of humeral fractures? |
|
Definition
| Major trauma - MVA, motorcycles, falls from heights, pedestrian accidents |
|
|
Term
| What is a patient with a humeral fracture at a highest risk for? |
|
Definition
NV compromise is high with displaced fractures/high energy fractures
-Radial Nerve
-Brachial Artery |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for humeral fractures? |
|
Definition
Ortho – consult
Ice
Closed reduction
Sugar tong splint
Sling
NSAIDS
Most are managed non-operatively |
|
|
Term
| When repositioning any fractures, what is one type of deformity that the body cannot tolerate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MC cause of elbow fractures? |
|
Definition
| Fall on outstretched hand |
|
|
Term
| What is important to do in your physical assessment with an elbow fracture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is an elbow fracture treated? |
|
Definition
Undisplaced: sling or sling w/ posterior splint 7-10d
Ice
NSAIDS
PT - early ROM
Ortho surgery – all w/ neuro/vascular compromise |
|
|
Term
| When does a fracture of the radial head require surgical repair? |
|
Definition
| If pronation or supination is physically impeded or if there is a large separation of the radial head |
|
|
Term
| What is the MC cause of olecranon fractures? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MC treatment for olecranon fracture? |
|
Definition
| Surgery due to attachment of the triceps tendon |
|
|
Term
| What does a fat pad sign indicate in adults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a fat pad sign indicate in children? |
|
Definition
| supracondylar fx of humerus |
|
|
Term
| What is a fracture to the proximal 1/3 of ulna & dislocation of radial head called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is a Monteggia Fracture treated in children? In adults? |
|
Definition
Children – closed reduction
Adults – open reduction w/ internal fixation |
|
|
Term
| What is a fracture to the Distal 1/3 of radius is fx with disruption of DRUJ commonly called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is a Galeazzi Fracture treated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MC wrist injury? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fracture is commonly caused by a fall on outstretched hand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of fracture is described as a distal radius fx w/ dorsal displacement and shortening? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve can be affected with a Colle's fracture? How can you prevent permanent damage? |
|
Definition
Median n
Immediate reduction |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for a colle's fracture? |
|
Definition
If closed reduction shortly after fx – local anesthesia
Cast x6 weeks
Ice
F/U in 1-2 weeks repeat xray – occassionally loss of reduction
Surgery
Advantages to surgery: Quicker RTF, Less risk of nonunion, Return to normal anatomy |
|
|
Term
| What is a flexion fracture of the radius or a distal radius fracture with vular displacement called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the classic test used to asses for De Quervain's Tenosynovitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a patient presents with pain/tenderness to the posterior lateral aspect of the wrist? |
|
Definition
| De Quervain's Tenosynovitis |
|
|
Term
| What risk factors can lead to Carpal tunnel syndrome? |
|
Definition
Repetitive hand work
Working on keyboards
Thyroid disorder
Pregnancy
Trauma
Alcoholism
DM
Gout |
|
|
Term
| Which signs are helpful in indicating carpal tunnel syndrome? |
|
Definition
Tinel's sign
Phalen's sign |
|
|
Term
| What condition should you suspect if the pt complains of Paresthesia in median nerve distribution, Weakness in the hand, Awaken from sleep w/ pain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best study for assessing Carpal Tunnel Syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for carpal tunnel syndrome? |
|
Definition
OT consult
Cock-up wrist splint (worn at work & sleep) x3-4 months
NSAIDS
Ortho - Steroid injection
Ortho – Surgical release |
|
|
Term
| What muscular sign can be found in patient's with carpal tunnel syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MC missed wrist fracture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the common sign of a scaphoid fracture? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is a boxer's fracture treated? |
|
Definition
Closed vs open reduction
Ulnar gutter cast (very important to splint) |
|
|
Term
| What is important about the ulnar gutter cast? |
|
Definition
| fingers splinted at 90 degrees so that the extensor hood doesn't take over and cause the patient not to be able to move their fingers after casting is removed |
|
|
Term
| What is a fracture of the distal 5th metacarpal known as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a boutonniere deformity? |
|
Definition
Flexion of the proximal interphalangeal joint
Extension of the distal interphalangeal joint |
|
|
Term
| What are the two important parts of a boutonniere deformity? |
|
Definition
Loss of active extension secondary to central slip tear
Unopposed finger flexion with migration of lateral bands |
|
|
Term
| What condition is characterized by Hyperextension of PIP, Flexion of DIP and the volar plate is unable to prevent hyperextension? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the risk factors for herniated discs? |
|
Definition
Frequent Heavy Lifting (with poor technique)
Diving into pool
Cigarette Smoking
Obesity |
|
|
Term
| What are the S & S of a Herniated neck Disc? |
|
Definition
| Neck Pain, Shoulder pain, UE weakness, pain or paresthesias |
|
|
Term
| What may be the findings on physical exam of a patient with a herniated disc in the neck? |
|
Definition
+ Spurling test
Possiblbe + Babinski's reflex
Decreased sensation and reflexes (esp in UE) |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for osteoarthritis? |
|
Definition
NSAIDS
PT: ROM exercises
Ortho or Neurosurgeon Consult |
|
|
Term
| What is the MC musculoskeletal condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the risk factors for a pt developing back pain? |
|
Definition
Smoking
Manual labor
Obesity
Accidents
M > F |
|
|
Term
| What are the S & S of back pain? |
|
Definition
Back stiffness
Low back discomfort
Numbness
Paravertebral muscle spasm
Motor weakness
Decreased DTR
Decease nerve sensation |
|
|
Term
| What imaging should be done if the CC of a pt is back pain? Why? |
|
Definition
Plain films – NL
CT – NL
MRI – r/o disc herniation |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for back pain? |
|
Definition
Rest 1-2 bed rest, then light activity (back to work)
Heat – NO sleeping with heating pad
NSAIDS x4-6 weeks – drug of choice
Muscle relaxant
PT – walking, recumbent bike, swimming
Lifting & back care training (sitting & lumbar support) |
|
|
Term
| What are Weddell sign's used for? |
|
Definition
| Method to identify malingering or non-organic back pain. |
|
|
Term
What are the "Can't Miss" with back pain?
TUNA FISH |
|
Definition
Trauma: loss of strength or balance
Unexplained weight loss or night sweats
Neurological signs: incontinence, night pain
Age > 50
Fever, malaise
Intravenous drug use
Steroids for long time
History of cancer or malignancy |
|
|
Term
| If a pt complains of low back pain, bowel or bladder incontinence and saddle anesthesia, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Cauda Equina Syndrome treated? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MC cause of Brown-Sequard's Syndrome? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a pt has a penetrating trauma and has S & S including Low back pain, Loss of motor function, position, vibratory, & light touch of the affected side, Sharp & temperature lost on opposite side, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is Brown-Sequard's treated? |
|
Definition
| It is a surgical emergency |
|
|
Term
| How many degrees of curvature is pathologic for scoliosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is a herniated disc more common? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the S & S of a herniated disc in the lower back? |
|
Definition
Low back pain
Decreased motor strength
Decreased reflex
Decreased sensory |
|
|
Term
| How is a diagnosis of a herniated disc confirmed with imaging? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A failure of what part of the vertebrae causes Spondylolisthesis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MC cause of Spondylolisthesis? |
|
Definition
| Most common cause is long standing spondylolysis |
|
|
Term
| What gradeon the Meyerding's scale is a slippage of 25% - 50%? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What grade on the Meyerding's scale is a slippage of < 25%? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What grade on the Meyerding's scale is a slippage of 51% - 75%? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What grade on the Meyerding's scale is a slippage of 76% - 99%? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What grade on the Meyerding's scale is a complete displacement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the skeleton does ankylosing spondylitis most commonly affect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MC presentation of ankylosing spondylitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a pt presents with signs and symptoms including Pain > 3 months, Insidious onset, Stiffness w/o pain, Malaise, Fatigue, Pain – in hips or buttocks 1st, AM pain that improves with exercise, Kyphosis, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
| Ankylosing Spondylitis/Marie-Strumpell arthritis |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for ankylosing spondylitis? |
|
Definition
| Indomethacin – drug of choice |
|
|
Term
| What are the signs and symptoms of spinal stenosis? |
|
Definition
Back pain, increased w/ sitting
Flexion decreases pain
Sciatica |
|
|
Term
| If a pt has symptoms including Pain with weight bearing or joint motion, Stiffness, Loss of function (heavy work, tie shoes, walking), what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for osteoarthritis? |
|
Definition
NSAIDS
PT – activity modification
Surgery |
|
|
Term
| If a pt presents with c/o hip pain that radiates down posterior aspect of leg and is worsened with sitting for long periods of times, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for sciatica? |
|
Definition
| massage, heat, PT, lifestyle changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tibia (distal knee) goes away from midline ("knocked knee") |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tibia (distal knee) goes towards midline ("bowed leg") |
|
|
Term
| What is the ACL responsible for? |
|
Definition
| Responsible for limiting forward translation of the tibia and prevents hyperextension |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOI (Mechanism of Injury)? |
|
Definition
| Planted foot with twisting motion of body |
|
|
Term
| If a pt presents with pain in the knee, hemarthrosis, hx of a "POP" with trauma, and on physical exam there is a + Lachman's test, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the appropriate work-up for an ACL tear? |
|
Definition
Eval for other injuries (PCL, Meniscal, CL)
Exam
MRI
Arthrocentesis (If hemarthrosis present) |
|
|
Term
| What are the causes of a chronic ACL tear? |
|
Definition
Missed dx
Failed non-operative treatment |
|
|
Term
| What are the causes of a chronic ACL tear? |
|
Definition
Missed dx
Failed non-operative treatment |
|
|
Term
| What are the complications of a chronic ACL tear? |
|
Definition
Increased knee instability/laxity
Meniscal tears |
|
|
Term
| What is the positioning of the ACL in the knee joint? |
|
Definition
| Connects the posterior femur to the anterior tibia |
|
|
Term
| What is the BEST physical exam test for an ACL tear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which ACL test is described as Pt supine, w/ knee flexed at 30 degrees, Femur stabilized w/ one hand and tibia is pulled anterior w/ the other hand? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is a PCL injury much less common than an ACL tear? |
|
Definition
Much stronger than ACL
Other structures aid in the PCLs function |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOI for a PCL? |
|
Definition
| MOI usually direct force if isolated injury |
|
|
Term
| If you have a PCL tear, what other conditions should you suspect? |
|
Definition
| ACL, CL (Knee Dislocation) |
|
|
Term
| If a pt presents with knee pain, history of direct knee injury, an on exam you observe a posteriorly subluxed resting tibia, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What knee stability test is described as Pt supine, hip flexed, knee flexed at 45 degrees, Pt foot stabilized by examiner sitting on foot, Examiner “pushes” tibia posterior? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of stress does the MCL resist against? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of stress does the LCL resist against? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a pt presents with pain along the medial joint line of the knee and pain with valgus stress, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What imaging should be used for knee ligament injuries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which physical exam tests should be used to evaluate a MCL injury? |
|
Definition
Valgus Stress Test
Apley's Distraction Test |
|
|
Term
| What nerve can be injured with a LCL tear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MC ligament that is injured in the body? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A LCL tear is not usually an isolated injury, what injury is usually associated with it? |
|
Definition
| Usually associated with cruciate and posteriorlateral corner injury |
|
|
Term
| Which physical diagnosis test is used to evaluate an LCL tear? |
|
Definition
Varus Stress Test
Apley's Apprehension test |
|
|
Term
| Which physical diagnosis test is described as Pt supine on the table, leg abducted, Examiner applies force in the lateral direction to the ankle from the medial aspect and force in the medial direction of the knee from the lateral aspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which physical diagnosis test is described as Pt supine on the table, leg abducted, Examiner applies force in the medial direction to the ankle from the lateral aspect and force in the lateral direction of the knee from the medial aspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a MCL or LCL injury usually result in? |
|
Definition
| Usually results in significant stiffness or residual instability |
|
|
Term
| Which part of the Meniscus is the MC to be injured? |
|
Definition
| Medial injuries more frequent than lateral injuries |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOI for Meniscal Tears? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a pt presents with knee pain, popping, locking or giving way, and on physical exam there is joint line tenderness, a positive McMurray's test and and a positive Apley's compression test, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the BEST diagnostic test for Meniscal Injuries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which physical diagnosis is described as Pt lies supine w/ knee completely flexed (foot to buttocks), Examiner medially (internally) rotates foot and tibia, and extend leg/knee? |
|
Definition
| McMurray Test – lateral meniscus |
|
|
Term
| Which physical diagnostic test is described as Pt lies supine w/ knee completely flexed (foot to buttocks), Examiner laterally (externally) rotates foot and tibia, and extend leg/knee? |
|
Definition
| McMurray Test – medial meniscus |
|
|
Term
| Which physical diagnostic test is described as Pt in prone position, knee flexed to 90 degrees, Examiner applies pressure to (pushes on) the heel and then medial and laterally rotates the leg/foot? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the patient has a + Apley's on the medial side, where is the Meniscal tear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the patient has a + Apley's on the lateral side, where is the Meniscal tear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What condition is caused by extrusion of synovial fluid through the meniscal tear, accumulating outside the joint capsule? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What imaging is appropriate for meniscal cysts? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment of a Meniscal cyst? |
|
Definition
| Excision/Drainage and repair or removal of meniscus |
|
|
Term
| Which bursas are MC affected in the knee with bursitis? |
|
Definition
Suprapatellar bursa
Subcutaneous prepatellar bursa |
|
|
Term
| What should you be highly concerned about with femur shaft fractures? What should you do to prevent this concern? |
|
Definition
| hemovascular compromise; Stabilization Device (splint, screw etc) |
|
|
Term
| What is the MOI for femur shaft fracture? |
|
Definition
| high energy trauma - MVA, Gunshot wounds, falls from heights |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for femur shaft fracture? |
|
Definition
hemovascular stabilization (Type and cross match)
Stabilization device
Ortho |
|
|
Term
| What is the biggest concern with tibial plateau fractures? How can you prophylactically address these concerns? |
|
Definition
| Compartment syndrome; faciaotomy (spelling?) |
|
|
Term
| What is used to classify a tibial plateau fracture? |
|
Definition
| Schatzker (1 - 6 the higher the # the more difficult the surgical repair) |
|
|
Term
| What does a small avulsion fracture of the lateral ligament indicate? |
|
Definition
| Usually signals a severe joint injury (LCL and ACL) |
|
|
Term
| If a pt presents with complaints of trauma, acute knee pain, swelling and an inability to extend the knee, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the risk factors for a patellar dislocation? |
|
Definition
| excessive Q angle, ligament laxity, Pes Planus |
|
|
Term
| Which physical diagnosis test is described as Pt supine, legs flat on table, quadriceps relaxed, Try to dislocate the patella laterally? |
|
Definition
| Patellar Apprehension Test |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for a patellar dislocation? |
|
Definition
Reduction (Grab big toe)
Ortho consult (Disrupts the patellar femoral retinaculum)
NSAIDs/Pain Meds |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Tibiofemoral dislocation? |
|
Definition
| Ortho and Vascular surgery Emergency (literally 1 hr before limb death occurs) |
|
|
Term
| If a pt presents with a severe knee deformity s/p MVA and pulselessness in the ankle, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If the pt presents s/p injury to their knee w/ acute pain and swelling and inability to extend knee, and on physical exam the patella is located proximally over femur head ("riding up"), what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a pt presents with knee pain and stiffness and decreased ROM, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the cause of Patellofemoral Syndrome
(Chondromalacia)? |
|
Definition
| overuse or excessive Q angle |
|
|
Term
| If a pt presents with Anterior knee pain worse w/ stair climbing or prolong sitting, and on physical exam you note + patellar tenderness & swelling and + apprehensive test, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
| Patellofemoral Syndrome
(Chondromalacia) |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Patellofemoral Syndrome
(Chondromalacia)? |
|
Definition
PT consult
R.I.C.E & NSAIDS
Ortho consult if needed – diagnose chondromalacia |
|
|
Term
| What are the WBC levels for an inflammatory effusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the WBC levels for an septic effusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the neutrophil % in an inflammatory effusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the neutrophil % in a septic effusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which ligament is the most important medial stabilizer? |
|
Definition
Deltoid Ligament - composed of anterior tibiotalar
tibionavicular
tibiocalcaneal
posterior tibiotalar |
|
|
Term
| If a pt presents with flat feet (lost of longitudinl arch) and foot or knee pain, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ligament failure is involved in Pes Planus? |
|
Definition
| Failure of PTT (Posterior Tib Tendon) |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for congenital pes planus? |
|
Definition
PT – arch support
Ortho or Podiatry - surgery |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for adult onset pes planus? |
|
Definition
PT consult – ROM exercise
No arch supports (do not help)
NSAIDS
Ortho or Podiatry (Surgery) if ADLs are affected or If skin breakdown or ulceration is present |
|
|
Term
| What is Pes Cavus almost always related to? |
|
Definition
| Some type of nervous disorder (Polio, burns, compartment syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| If a pt presents with elevated longitudinal arch, with fixed platar flexion of the forefoot, what condition do you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MC injury in sports? Which mechanism is the MC? |
|
Definition
| Ankle Sprains; Inversion sprain |
|
|
Term
| What are the Ottowa Rules used to assess? |
|
Definition
| The need to x-ray an ankle sprain or not |
|
|
Term
| What are the Ottawa Rules? |
|
Definition
The distal 6 cm of the posterior edge of the tibia
Tip of the medial malleolus
The distal 6 cm of the posterior edge of the fibula
Tip of the lateral malleolus
Inability to bear weight both immediately and in the emergency department for four steps. |
|
|
Term
| What is the MC cause of Ankle Fractures/Dislocations? |
|
Definition
| History trauma – fall, misstep or sports injury |
|
|
Term
| Which grade of ankle sprain is described as partial tear of anterior talofibular ligament? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which grade of ankle sprain is described as partial to complete tear of anterior talofibular ligament & partial tear calcaneofibular ligament? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which grade of ankle sprain is described as complete rupture of the anterior talofibular ligament & calcaneofibular ligament? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a patient presents post-trauma with obvious pain and swelling of the ankle, and deformity and inability to bear weight, what condition do you suspect? |
|
Definition
| Ankle Fracture/Dislocation |
|
|
Term
| What leads to a unstable ankle? |
|
Definition
| Any disruption of mortis or syndesmosis |
|
|
Term
| If a runner presents with pain in the morning with 1st step, heel pain and tenderness on palpation, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for plantar fasciitis? |
|
Definition
PT – stretching and toe curls for strengthening (MOST IMPORTANT!)
NSAIDS & ice
Ortho – steroid injections |
|
|
Term
| If a pt presents with heel pain w/walking and complains of a constant stone in their shoe, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for heel spurs? |
|
Definition
NSAIDS & ice
Heel pad
PT Stretching
Ortho – injection or surgery |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for heel spurs? |
|
Definition
NSAIDS & ice
Heel pad
PT Stretching
Ortho – injection or surgery |
|
|
Term
| If a pt presents s/p trauma from fall, with heel pain, ecchymosis as well as heel widening, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a pt has a painful toenail, swelling and discharge from the toe, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MC cause of ingrown toenails? |
|
Definition
| incorrect nail trimming, cleaning nails non-sterile tools, improper fitting shoes |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for MILD Ingrown toenails? |
|
Definition
| warm soaks, antibiotics and correct cause |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for moderate ingrown toenail? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for SEVERE or chronic Ingrown toenails? |
|
Definition
| Complete nail removal/Ablation of nail bed if chronic? |
|
|
Term
| If a pt presents with thickened, brittle, crumbly or ragged toenails that are distorted in shape, are dull with no luster or shine, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
| Onchomycosis caused by Tinea Unguium |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Onchomycosis? |
|
Definition
Get baseline LFT and one after 4 weeks of treatment.
Treat with Antifungal medication - Terbinafine (Lamisil) x 4 months |
|
|
Term
| Which joint(s) does hammertoe involve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which joint(s) does clawtoe involve? |
|
Definition
| PIP and DIP or just the DIP |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for hammer toes? |
|
Definition
Surgery - release of ligaments
Taping of hammertoes |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment of claw toe? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is amputation with a claw toe deformity necessary? |
|
Definition
| If skin uncontrolled breakdown of skin or osteomyelitis risk |
|
|
Term
| If a pt presents with lateral deviation of great toe with an enlarged medial eminence with pain? |
|
Definition
| Hallux Valgus and Bunions |
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for Hallux Valgus? |
|
Definition
Conservative – braces, no heels no pointed toes
Ortho or Podiatry - Surgery |
|
|
Term
| If a pt present with severe burning pain in their foot between the 3rd and 4th metatarsal that increases with activity, may increase with tight shoes, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What physical diagnosis test is described as pt lie supine, examiner grabs around metatarsal head and squeezes heads together? What is a positive test? |
|
Definition
Morton's Test
resulting in pain between 3rd & 4th metatarsal head |
|
|
Term
| How is a Lisfranc Injury that is less than 2 mm dislocation, how is it treated? |
|
Definition
| the fracture can be managed with casting for 6 weeks, the patient's injured limb cannot bear weight during this period (6 wks) |
|
|
Term
| What is a major concern with a lisfranc injury? |
|
Definition
| Development of compartment syndrome |
|
|
Term
| If a patient present post MVA and has foot pain and tenderness at the tarsometatarsal joint, what condition do you suspect? |
|
Definition
| If a patient present post MVA and has foot pain and tenderness at the tarsometatarsal joint, what condition do you suspect? |
|
|
Term
| If a pt presents with foot pain, and Dislocation of the mid-tarsal (talonavicular and calcaneocuboid) joints of the foot, what condition is suspected? |
|
Definition
| Chopart’s Fracture-Dislocation |
|
|
Term
| Which fracture is known as Oblique, comminuted fx of distal tibia that extends through the tibiotalar articular surface and usually occurs s/p trauma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the major complications of a Pilon Fracture? |
|
Definition
| arthritis, skin breakdown |
|
|
Term
| What is the rule with surgical fixation of metatarsal fractures? |
|
Definition
| If 1st and 5th metatarsal are intact and 2-4 are not displaced to much, you do not need to fix. |
|
|
Term
| What is a fracture of the 5th metatarsal commonly called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If a dancer presents with pain and tenderness over the head of 5th metatarsal after a inversion trauma, what condition do you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If patient presents with Heat insensitivity in the foot
Loss of sensation in the foot , Swelling of the foot and ankle, Dislocated foot joints, Weak foot muscles, Foot ulcers and Calluses, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What condition are Charcot’s Disease associated with? |
|
Definition
Chronic hyperglycemia
Diabetes mellitus
Originally Syphillis |
|
|
Term
| In which pts is achilles tendonitis MC? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for achilles tendinitis? |
|
Definition
Rest – short leg walking cast
NSAIDS
PT consult
1 cm heel lift
Ortho – steroid injections |
|
|
Term
| If a pt can't stand on tip toes on affected side and has a + Thompson test, what condition should you suspect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the treatment for a Ruptured Achilles Tendon? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which physical diagnosis test is described as pt laying prone, squeezing calf causes plantar flex or none if test is positive? |
|
Definition
|
|
